Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health
ABSTRACT Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu dist...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of phytopathology 2024-09, Vol.172 (5), p.n/a |
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| creator | Türkkan, Muharrem Bozoğlu, Tuğba Derviş, Sibel Erper, İsmail Özer, Göksel |
| description | ABSTRACT
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1‐alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B‐subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph‐producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non‐pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jph.13409 |
| format | Article |
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Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1‐alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B‐subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph‐producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non‐pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0931-1785</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1439-0434</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jph.13409</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Actinidia ; Actinidia deliciosa ; Armillaria ; Armillaria gallica ; Armillaria mellea ; Armillaria root rot ; decayed wood ; decline ; Defoliation ; DNA ; DNA sequencing ; DNA-directed RNA polymerase ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic diversity ; genetic variation ; Kiwifruit ; leaves ; LSU ; mortality ; mycelium ; Necrosis ; new records ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; peptide elongation factors ; Phylogeny ; Plant diseases ; Plant layout ; plant pathology ; Population decline ; Rhizomorphs ; RNA polymerase ; RNA polymerase II ; Root rot ; RPB2 ; SCoT marker ; Seedlings ; species ; species identification ; start codon ; TEF1 ; Translation elongation ; vines ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>Journal of phytopathology, 2024-09, Vol.172 (5), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2209-5afbdd410e43f1d9d428c8c2b2e07e214fe54b57d75e4f0af62bec4fc8c264c13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4917-3813 ; 0000-0002-1588-8757 ; 0000-0001-7779-9365 ; 0000-0002-3385-2520 ; 0000-0001-7952-8489</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjph.13409$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjph.13409$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,1414,27911,27912,45561,45562</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Türkkan, Muharrem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bozoğlu, Tuğba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derviş, Sibel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erper, İsmail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özer, Göksel</creatorcontrib><title>Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health</title><title>Journal of phytopathology</title><description>ABSTRACT
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1‐alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B‐subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph‐producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non‐pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region.</description><subject>Actinidia</subject><subject>Actinidia deliciosa</subject><subject>Armillaria</subject><subject>Armillaria gallica</subject><subject>Armillaria mellea</subject><subject>Armillaria root rot</subject><subject>decayed wood</subject><subject>decline</subject><subject>Defoliation</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>DNA-directed RNA polymerase</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>genetic variation</subject><subject>Kiwifruit</subject><subject>leaves</subject><subject>LSU</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>mycelium</subject><subject>Necrosis</subject><subject>new records</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>peptide elongation factors</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant layout</subject><subject>plant pathology</subject><subject>Population decline</subject><subject>Rhizomorphs</subject><subject>RNA polymerase</subject><subject>RNA polymerase II</subject><subject>Root rot</subject><subject>RPB2</subject><subject>SCoT marker</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>species</subject><subject>species identification</subject><subject>start codon</subject><subject>TEF1</subject><subject>Translation elongation</subject><subject>vines</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>0931-1785</issn><issn>1439-0434</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10btOwzAUBmALgUQpDLyBJRYY0vqWtGGrCrRcBAgKa-Q4x9QljYOdqOrEi7HxYiSUASHhwWfw51_HPggdUtKjzeovynmPckHiLdShgscBEVxsow6JOQ3oYBjuoj3vF4QwwgnpoPeRW5o8l85I_FiCMuDxWNbeFC_42qyMdrWp8LMpAJ-Bytsqiww_WFs1W4VNgW-tq-YgfQWuwLPPD_dq1nCKR3ji7KrNGdtCtWfaul-ZU5B5Nd9HO1rmHg5-ahc9XZzPxtPg5m5yOR7dBIoxEgeh1GmWCUpAcE2zOBNsqIaKpQzIABgVGkKRhoNsEILQROqIpaCEbk0kFOVddLzJLZ19q8FXydJ4Bc3LC7C1TzgN-TBiQoiGHv2hC1u7oumuUaz95Shs1clGKWe9d6CT0pmldOuEkqRFSTOK5HsUje1v7MrksP4fJlf3082NL3gxjA4</recordid><startdate>202409</startdate><enddate>202409</enddate><creator>Türkkan, Muharrem</creator><creator>Bozoğlu, Tuğba</creator><creator>Derviş, Sibel</creator><creator>Erper, İsmail</creator><creator>Özer, Göksel</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-3813</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-8757</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-9365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-2520</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-8489</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202409</creationdate><title>Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health</title><author>Türkkan, Muharrem ; Bozoğlu, Tuğba ; Derviş, Sibel ; Erper, İsmail ; Özer, Göksel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2209-5afbdd410e43f1d9d428c8c2b2e07e214fe54b57d75e4f0af62bec4fc8c264c13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Actinidia</topic><topic>Actinidia deliciosa</topic><topic>Armillaria</topic><topic>Armillaria gallica</topic><topic>Armillaria mellea</topic><topic>Armillaria root rot</topic><topic>decayed wood</topic><topic>decline</topic><topic>Defoliation</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA sequencing</topic><topic>DNA-directed RNA polymerase</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>genetic variation</topic><topic>Kiwifruit</topic><topic>leaves</topic><topic>LSU</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>mycelium</topic><topic>Necrosis</topic><topic>new records</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>peptide elongation factors</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Plant diseases</topic><topic>Plant layout</topic><topic>plant pathology</topic><topic>Population decline</topic><topic>Rhizomorphs</topic><topic>RNA polymerase</topic><topic>RNA polymerase II</topic><topic>Root rot</topic><topic>RPB2</topic><topic>SCoT marker</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>species</topic><topic>species identification</topic><topic>start codon</topic><topic>TEF1</topic><topic>Translation elongation</topic><topic>vines</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Türkkan, Muharrem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bozoğlu, Tuğba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derviş, Sibel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Erper, İsmail</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Özer, Göksel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of phytopathology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Türkkan, Muharrem</au><au>Bozoğlu, Tuğba</au><au>Derviş, Sibel</au><au>Erper, İsmail</au><au>Özer, Göksel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health</atitle><jtitle>Journal of phytopathology</jtitle><date>2024-09</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>172</volume><issue>5</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0931-1785</issn><eissn>1439-0434</eissn><abstract>ABSTRACT
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1‐alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B‐subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph‐producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non‐pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/jph.13409</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-3813</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1588-8757</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7779-9365</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-2520</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-8489</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Actinidia Actinidia deliciosa Armillaria Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Armillaria root rot decayed wood decline Defoliation DNA DNA sequencing DNA-directed RNA polymerase Gene sequencing Genetic diversity genetic variation Kiwifruit leaves LSU mortality mycelium Necrosis new records Pathogenicity Pathogens peptide elongation factors Phylogeny Plant diseases Plant layout plant pathology Population decline Rhizomorphs RNA polymerase RNA polymerase II Root rot RPB2 SCoT marker Seedlings species species identification start codon TEF1 Translation elongation vines Virulence |
| title | Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health |
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