Exploring the differences in sauce‐flavour Daqu from different regions and its contribution to Baijiu brewing based on microbial communities and flavours
Summary Daqu is an essential saccharification and fermentation agent in Baijiu brewing, and its characteristics affect the yield, quality, and flavour of Baijiu. The fundamental reason is that Daqu can provide rich microbial resources, complex enzyme systems, and raw materials for the Baijiu brewing...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of food science & technology 2024-10, Vol.59 (10), p.7357-7371 |
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| creator | Li, Weiwei Han, Meiyue Zhang, Hui Zhang, Qiumei Lang, Ying Hu, Shenglan Li, Xiuting Sun, Baoguo |
| description | Summary
Daqu is an essential saccharification and fermentation agent in Baijiu brewing, and its characteristics affect the yield, quality, and flavour of Baijiu. The fundamental reason is that Daqu can provide rich microbial resources, complex enzyme systems, and raw materials for the Baijiu brewing process. In this study, three sauce‐flavour Daqu from two production areas, Beijing and Guizhou, were selected to focus on discussing and analysing the main contributions of sauce‐flavour Daqu itself to Baijiu brewing without interference from the external environment. The differences in the flavour composition and microbial communities of three Daqu were analysed. Microbial biomarkers were analysed by Lefse multilevel discriminant analysis for three Daqu. We found that different regions have their own biomarkers. Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas, were biomarkers of HD Daqu. Oceanobacillus, Aspergillus and Pichia were biomarkers of MT Daqu. Bacillus, Pediococcus and Fusarium were biomarkers of WM Daqu. A solid‐state simulation fermentation experiment was carried out to analyse changes in the flavour composition and microbial communities of fermented grains after 35 days of fermentation. The results showed that the microbial communities and the flavour composition in the Daqu and fermented samples differed significantly. The dominant microorganism genus evolved from Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia HD sample. The dominant microorganism genus in WM sample changed from Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Whereas in MT sample, the dominant microorganism genus evolved from Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Additionally, the main flavour composition also changed after fermentation, which in the late fermentation period were phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl palmitate, tetramethylpyrazine, and 3‐methylbutanoic acid. These findings can provide support to explain the importance and contribution of sauce‐flavour Daqu in Baijiu brewing scientifically.
Three Daqu from Beijing and Guizhou were selected to simulate solid‐state fermentation. The flavour and microbial communities of Daqu and fermented grains were analysed. The results showed that the dominant microbial communities and flavour components had changed after fermentation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/ijfs.17470 |
| format | Article |
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Daqu is an essential saccharification and fermentation agent in Baijiu brewing, and its characteristics affect the yield, quality, and flavour of Baijiu. The fundamental reason is that Daqu can provide rich microbial resources, complex enzyme systems, and raw materials for the Baijiu brewing process. In this study, three sauce‐flavour Daqu from two production areas, Beijing and Guizhou, were selected to focus on discussing and analysing the main contributions of sauce‐flavour Daqu itself to Baijiu brewing without interference from the external environment. The differences in the flavour composition and microbial communities of three Daqu were analysed. Microbial biomarkers were analysed by Lefse multilevel discriminant analysis for three Daqu. We found that different regions have their own biomarkers. Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas, were biomarkers of HD Daqu. Oceanobacillus, Aspergillus and Pichia were biomarkers of MT Daqu. Bacillus, Pediococcus and Fusarium were biomarkers of WM Daqu. A solid‐state simulation fermentation experiment was carried out to analyse changes in the flavour composition and microbial communities of fermented grains after 35 days of fermentation. The results showed that the microbial communities and the flavour composition in the Daqu and fermented samples differed significantly. The dominant microorganism genus evolved from Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia HD sample. The dominant microorganism genus in WM sample changed from Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Whereas in MT sample, the dominant microorganism genus evolved from Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Additionally, the main flavour composition also changed after fermentation, which in the late fermentation period were phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl palmitate, tetramethylpyrazine, and 3‐methylbutanoic acid. These findings can provide support to explain the importance and contribution of sauce‐flavour Daqu in Baijiu brewing scientifically.
Three Daqu from Beijing and Guizhou were selected to simulate solid‐state fermentation. The flavour and microbial communities of Daqu and fermented grains were analysed. The results showed that the dominant microbial communities and flavour components had changed after fermentation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-5423</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2621</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.17470</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Aspergillus ; Bacteria ; Baijiu ; Biomarkers ; Brewing ; China ; Citrobacter ; Composition ; Discriminant analysis ; enzymes ; Fermentation ; Flavor ; Flavors ; flavour compositions ; food science ; Fusarium ; genus ; Lactobacillus ; Microbial activity ; microbial community ; Microbiomes ; Microorganisms ; Oceanobacillus ; palmitates ; Palmitic acid ; Pediococcus ; Phenylethyl alcohol ; Pichia ; Pseudomonas ; Raw materials ; Rhodococcus ; Saccharification ; Sauces ; sauce‐flavour Daqu ; simulated solid‐state fermentation ; Thermomyces ; Virgibacillus</subject><ispartof>International journal of food science & technology, 2024-10, Vol.59 (10), p.7357-7371</ispartof><rights>2024 Institute of Food Science & Technology (IFST).</rights><rights>International Journal of Food Science and Technology © 2024 Institute of Food Science and Technology</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2230-6a14c834c601ca22a85378da1250bdd9927bd3b860b3bbd07e6edecd0e8a49393</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3364-8191</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fijfs.17470$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fijfs.17470$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Meiyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qiumei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Shenglan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiuting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Baoguo</creatorcontrib><title>Exploring the differences in sauce‐flavour Daqu from different regions and its contribution to Baijiu brewing based on microbial communities and flavours</title><title>International journal of food science & technology</title><description>Summary
Daqu is an essential saccharification and fermentation agent in Baijiu brewing, and its characteristics affect the yield, quality, and flavour of Baijiu. The fundamental reason is that Daqu can provide rich microbial resources, complex enzyme systems, and raw materials for the Baijiu brewing process. In this study, three sauce‐flavour Daqu from two production areas, Beijing and Guizhou, were selected to focus on discussing and analysing the main contributions of sauce‐flavour Daqu itself to Baijiu brewing without interference from the external environment. The differences in the flavour composition and microbial communities of three Daqu were analysed. Microbial biomarkers were analysed by Lefse multilevel discriminant analysis for three Daqu. We found that different regions have their own biomarkers. Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas, were biomarkers of HD Daqu. Oceanobacillus, Aspergillus and Pichia were biomarkers of MT Daqu. Bacillus, Pediococcus and Fusarium were biomarkers of WM Daqu. A solid‐state simulation fermentation experiment was carried out to analyse changes in the flavour composition and microbial communities of fermented grains after 35 days of fermentation. The results showed that the microbial communities and the flavour composition in the Daqu and fermented samples differed significantly. The dominant microorganism genus evolved from Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia HD sample. The dominant microorganism genus in WM sample changed from Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Whereas in MT sample, the dominant microorganism genus evolved from Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Additionally, the main flavour composition also changed after fermentation, which in the late fermentation period were phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl palmitate, tetramethylpyrazine, and 3‐methylbutanoic acid. These findings can provide support to explain the importance and contribution of sauce‐flavour Daqu in Baijiu brewing scientifically.
Three Daqu from Beijing and Guizhou were selected to simulate solid‐state fermentation. The flavour and microbial communities of Daqu and fermented grains were analysed. The results showed that the dominant microbial communities and flavour components had changed after fermentation.</description><subject>Aspergillus</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Baijiu</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Brewing</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Citrobacter</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Discriminant analysis</subject><subject>enzymes</subject><subject>Fermentation</subject><subject>Flavor</subject><subject>Flavors</subject><subject>flavour compositions</subject><subject>food science</subject><subject>Fusarium</subject><subject>genus</subject><subject>Lactobacillus</subject><subject>Microbial activity</subject><subject>microbial community</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Oceanobacillus</subject><subject>palmitates</subject><subject>Palmitic acid</subject><subject>Pediococcus</subject><subject>Phenylethyl alcohol</subject><subject>Pichia</subject><subject>Pseudomonas</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Rhodococcus</subject><subject>Saccharification</subject><subject>Sauces</subject><subject>sauce‐flavour Daqu</subject><subject>simulated solid‐state fermentation</subject><subject>Thermomyces</subject><subject>Virgibacillus</subject><issn>0950-5423</issn><issn>1365-2621</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kblOBDEMhiMEEstCwxNEokFIAznmLLlZhEQB1KMcHshqJlmSGY6OR6Dn7XgSsgyioMCNJfvzb1s_QtuU7NMYB2behH1apAVZQRPK8yxhOaOraEKqjCRZyvg62ghhTghhvEgn6OP0ZdE6b-w97h8Aa9M04MEqCNhYHMSg4PPtvWnFkxs8PhGPA268637BHnu4N84GLKzGpg9YOdt7I4c-VnHv8JEwczNg6eF5uUWKABrHVmeUd9KINk503WBNb2BU-dkWNtFaI9oAWz95iu7OTm-PL5Kr6_PZ8eFVohjjJMkFTVXJU5UTqgRjosx4UWpBWUak1lXFCqm5LHMiuZSaFJCDBqUJlCKteMWnaHfUXXj3OEDo684EBW0rLLgh1JxmPOpnaRnRnT_oPF5q43WRojQrWIxI7Y1U_DAED0298KYT_rWmpF76VC99qr99ijAd4WfTwus_ZD27PLsZZ74A5omZhg</recordid><startdate>202410</startdate><enddate>202410</enddate><creator>Li, Weiwei</creator><creator>Han, Meiyue</creator><creator>Zhang, Hui</creator><creator>Zhang, Qiumei</creator><creator>Lang, Ying</creator><creator>Hu, Shenglan</creator><creator>Li, Xiuting</creator><creator>Sun, Baoguo</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-8191</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202410</creationdate><title>Exploring the differences in sauce‐flavour Daqu from different regions and its contribution to Baijiu brewing based on microbial communities and flavours</title><author>Li, Weiwei ; 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Daqu is an essential saccharification and fermentation agent in Baijiu brewing, and its characteristics affect the yield, quality, and flavour of Baijiu. The fundamental reason is that Daqu can provide rich microbial resources, complex enzyme systems, and raw materials for the Baijiu brewing process. In this study, three sauce‐flavour Daqu from two production areas, Beijing and Guizhou, were selected to focus on discussing and analysing the main contributions of sauce‐flavour Daqu itself to Baijiu brewing without interference from the external environment. The differences in the flavour composition and microbial communities of three Daqu were analysed. Microbial biomarkers were analysed by Lefse multilevel discriminant analysis for three Daqu. We found that different regions have their own biomarkers. Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Pseudomonas, were biomarkers of HD Daqu. Oceanobacillus, Aspergillus and Pichia were biomarkers of MT Daqu. Bacillus, Pediococcus and Fusarium were biomarkers of WM Daqu. A solid‐state simulation fermentation experiment was carried out to analyse changes in the flavour composition and microbial communities of fermented grains after 35 days of fermentation. The results showed that the microbial communities and the flavour composition in the Daqu and fermented samples differed significantly. The dominant microorganism genus evolved from Citrobacter, Rhodococcus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia HD sample. The dominant microorganism genus in WM sample changed from Virgibacillus, Oceanobacillus, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Whereas in MT sample, the dominant microorganism genus evolved from Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, and Thermomyces to Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Pichia. Additionally, the main flavour composition also changed after fermentation, which in the late fermentation period were phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl palmitate, tetramethylpyrazine, and 3‐methylbutanoic acid. These findings can provide support to explain the importance and contribution of sauce‐flavour Daqu in Baijiu brewing scientifically.
Three Daqu from Beijing and Guizhou were selected to simulate solid‐state fermentation. The flavour and microbial communities of Daqu and fermented grains were analysed. The results showed that the dominant microbial communities and flavour components had changed after fermentation.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/ijfs.17470</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-8191</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of food science & technology, 2024-10, Vol.59 (10), p.7357-7371 |
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| subjects | Aspergillus Bacteria Baijiu Biomarkers Brewing China Citrobacter Composition Discriminant analysis enzymes Fermentation Flavor Flavors flavour compositions food science Fusarium genus Lactobacillus Microbial activity microbial community Microbiomes Microorganisms Oceanobacillus palmitates Palmitic acid Pediococcus Phenylethyl alcohol Pichia Pseudomonas Raw materials Rhodococcus Saccharification Sauces sauce‐flavour Daqu simulated solid‐state fermentation Thermomyces Virgibacillus |
| title | Exploring the differences in sauce‐flavour Daqu from different regions and its contribution to Baijiu brewing based on microbial communities and flavours |
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