Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants

Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unkno...

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Veröffentlicht in:The veterinary journal (1997) 2024-12, Vol.308, p.106251, Article 106251
Hauptverfasser: Mahmoodi, Maryam, Ayatollahi Mehrgardi, Ahmad, Momen, Mehdi, Serpell, James A., Esmailizadeh, Ali
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container_start_page 106251
container_title The veterinary journal (1997)
container_volume 308
creator Mahmoodi, Maryam
Ayatollahi Mehrgardi, Ahmad
Momen, Mehdi
Serpell, James A.
Esmailizadeh, Ali
description Dogs exhibit remarkable phenotypic diversity, particularly in behavioral traits, making them an excellent model for studying the genetic basis of complex behaviors. Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized. •C-BARQ behavioral traits are associated with pleiotropic neurobehavioral genes.•latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent neurological genes.•Analysis of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) confirmed the relationship between the identified genes.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251
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Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. 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Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized. •C-BARQ behavioral traits are associated with pleiotropic neurobehavioral genes.•latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent neurological genes.•Analysis of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) confirmed the relationship between the identified genes.</description><subject>Aggression</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Behavioral traits</subject><subject>Candidate genes</subject><subject>Canines</subject><subject>dogs</subject><subject>Dogs - genetics</subject><subject>factor analysis</subject><subject>Fear</subject><subject>fearfulness</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>genome-wide association study</subject><subject>Genome-Wide Association Study - veterinary</subject><subject>human population</subject><subject>Latent variable modeling</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>mental health</subject><subject>nervous system</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>phenotypic variation</subject><subject>Pleiotropy</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><issn>1090-0233</issn><issn>1532-2971</issn><issn>1532-2971</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc-O0zAQhy0EYv_AC3BAPnJJGdtxHCMuq112QVppD4A4Wo49aV3SpNhupL4DD43bLkhcEKcZjb_5LM2PkFcMFgxY83a9yPN6WHDgdRk0XLIn5JxJwSuuFXtaetBQARfijFyktAYAXdf8OTkTWjStEnBOft6gC9sVxjAuaV4hXeKIOTja2RQSnXra4crOYYp2oDnakBMNI_XTMr2jD13COKOvjg_07tvVZ2pHTwebccx_T-2wPwgjzlhM33F__Ckd-dnGYMecXpBnvR0Svnysl-Tr7Ycv1x-r-4e7T9dX95XjCnIlvXLYAbOWQ92hamyvWy66WmvtUHpgou0l9J20SkrGbdOA8AIU06qvpRSX5M3Ju43Tjx2mbDYhORwGO-K0S0aUI7aCKSX-A2VCtEXNC8pPqItTShF7s41hY-PeMDCHwMzaHAIzh8DMKbCy9PrRv-s26P-s_E6oAO9PAJaDzAGjSS7g6NCHiC4bP4V_-X8B6MenAg</recordid><startdate>202412</startdate><enddate>202412</enddate><creator>Mahmoodi, Maryam</creator><creator>Ayatollahi Mehrgardi, Ahmad</creator><creator>Momen, Mehdi</creator><creator>Serpell, James A.</creator><creator>Esmailizadeh, Ali</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202412</creationdate><title>Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants</title><author>Mahmoodi, Maryam ; 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Behavioral traits such as aggression and fear are highly heritable among different dog breeds, but their genetic basis is largely unknown. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with nine behavioral traits including; stranger-directed aggression (SDA), owner-directed aggression (ODA), dog-directed aggression (DDA), stranger-directed fear (SDF), nonsocial fear (NF), dog-directed fear (DDF), touch sensitivity (TS), separation-related behavior (SRB) and attachment attention-seeking (AAS). The observed behavioral traits were collected from 38,714 to 40,460 individuals across 108 modern dog breeds. We performed a GWAS based on a latent trait extracted using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method with nine observable behavioral traits and compared the results with those from the GWAS of the observed traits. Using both observed-trait and latent-trait GWAS, we identified 41 significant SNPs that were common between both GWAS methods, of which 26 were pleiotropic, as well as 10 SNPs unique to the latent-trait GWAS, and 5 SNPs unique to the observed-trait GWAS discovered. These SNPs were associated with 21 genes in latent-trait GWAS and 22 genes in the observed-trait GWAS, with 19 genes shared by both. According to previous studies, some of the genes from this study have been reported to be related to behavioral and neurological functions in dogs. In the human population, these identified genes play a role in either the formation of the nervous system or are linked to various mental health conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent genes that are neurologically prioritized. •C-BARQ behavioral traits are associated with pleiotropic neurobehavioral genes.•latent-trait GWAS for behavioral traits in dogs identifies significant latent neurological genes.•Analysis of the protein-protein interactions (PPI) confirmed the relationship between the identified genes.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>39368730</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106251</doi></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Aggression
Animals
Behavior, Animal
Behavioral traits
Candidate genes
Canines
dogs
Dogs - genetics
factor analysis
Fear
fearfulness
Female
genome-wide association study
Genome-Wide Association Study - veterinary
human population
Latent variable modeling
Male
mental health
nervous system
Phenotype
phenotypic variation
Pleiotropy
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
title Deciphering the genetic basis of behavioral traits in dogs: Observed-trait GWAS and latent-trait GWAS analysis reveal key genes and variants
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