Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron
Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of food science 2024-06, Vol.89 (6), p.3554-3568 |
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| creator | Chen, Xianqiang Huang, Shengkai Yan, Shoulei Li, Jie |
| description | Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1750-3841.17078 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3153827132</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3046517295</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2748-c0d3a4a56220ba0a80e23b0bfab0d1e817bd14b197f5868f5fcb01390683680f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkcFvFSEQh4nR2Nfq2Zsh8eJl2wF2gefN1LZqmniongks0EfdhRV20zz_ellf7cFL5zIZ8s0vQz6E3hA4JbXOiOigYbIlp0SAkM_Q5vHlOdoAUNoQ0oojdFzKHawz4y_REZOcw5bCBuWbebF7nCKedw77lEc9hzqNrt_pGMqIk8dm0P1PF0O8xSFiq0d96ywe0rwUnHfhdxoddlOwLo-hfMAX3rt-LuvmlIb9tHMxDQXraHHIKb5CL7weinv90E_Qj8uL7-efm-tvV1_OP143PRWtbHqwTLe645SC0aAlOMoMGK8NWOIkEcaS1pCt8J3k0ne-N0DYFrhkXIJnJ-j9IXfK6dfiyqzqdb0bBh1dWopipGOSCsLo0yi0vCOCbruKvvsPvUtLjvUjleKipW1LZaXODlSfUynZeTXlMOq8VwTUak6tntTqSf01VzfePuQuZnT2kf-nqgL8ANyHwe2fylNfLz_dHJL_ALAZokw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3067424428</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Chen, Xianqiang ; Huang, Shengkai ; Yan, Shoulei ; Li, Jie</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xianqiang ; Huang, Shengkai ; Yan, Shoulei ; Li, Jie</creatorcontrib><description>Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p < 0.05). The high‐performance liquid chromatography results showed that the main polyphenols in LRE were dopa, gallocatechin, and catechin, as well as a small amount of catechol, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and proanthocyanidin C1. Moreover, the results of color difference and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy showed that there were obviously black or brown‐gray of dopa (525 nm), gallocatechin (504.5 nm), and catechin (550 and 504.5 nm) with FeCl2. The simulated system treatment of LRE further confirmed that the chromaticity effect of dopa and iron in bruised LRE was similar to that of the MT group, whereas 1% (w/w) ascorbic acid, 2% (w/w) EDTA‐2Na, or 3% (w/w) citric acid could solely prohibit the blackening. This suggested that the dopa in LRE and FeCl2 in mud may mainly combine into [2(DOPA‐2H+)+Fe3+]− through non‐covalent interaction, which leads to the blackening of bruised LRE under neutral conditions. These results can guide the storage of lotus rhizomes and improve the development of the lotus rhizome industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1147</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1750-3841</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1750-3841</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17078</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38660920</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>adsorption ; Aquatic plants ; Ascorbic acid ; Biflavonoids ; Blackening ; Catechin ; Catechin - analysis ; Catechin - pharmacology ; Catechol ; Catechols - pharmacology ; Chromaticity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citric acid ; Color ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine - chemistry ; Epicatechin ; Epidermis ; epigallocatechin ; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids ; food science ; high performance liquid chromatography ; industry ; Iron ; Iron - analysis ; Iron chlorides ; Liquid chromatography ; Lotus ; Lotus - chemistry ; lotus rhizome ; Mud ; nonenzymatic browning ; non‐covalent interaction ; Phenols ; Plant Epidermis - chemistry ; Polyphenols ; Polyphenols - analysis ; Polyphenols - pharmacology ; Proanthocyanidins ; Proanthocyanidins - analysis ; Proanthocyanidins - pharmacology ; Rhizome - chemistry ; Rhizomes ; Spectroscopy ; storage ; vegetables</subject><ispartof>Journal of food science, 2024-06, Vol.89 (6), p.3554-3568</ispartof><rights>2024 Institute of Food Technologists.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2748-c0d3a4a56220ba0a80e23b0bfab0d1e817bd14b197f5868f5fcb01390683680f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7806-400X ; 0000-0001-9937-6355</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1750-3841.17078$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1750-3841.17078$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38660920$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xianqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shengkai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Shoulei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jie</creatorcontrib><title>Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron</title><title>Journal of food science</title><addtitle>J Food Sci</addtitle><description>Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p < 0.05). The high‐performance liquid chromatography results showed that the main polyphenols in LRE were dopa, gallocatechin, and catechin, as well as a small amount of catechol, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and proanthocyanidin C1. Moreover, the results of color difference and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy showed that there were obviously black or brown‐gray of dopa (525 nm), gallocatechin (504.5 nm), and catechin (550 and 504.5 nm) with FeCl2. The simulated system treatment of LRE further confirmed that the chromaticity effect of dopa and iron in bruised LRE was similar to that of the MT group, whereas 1% (w/w) ascorbic acid, 2% (w/w) EDTA‐2Na, or 3% (w/w) citric acid could solely prohibit the blackening. This suggested that the dopa in LRE and FeCl2 in mud may mainly combine into [2(DOPA‐2H+)+Fe3+]− through non‐covalent interaction, which leads to the blackening of bruised LRE under neutral conditions. These results can guide the storage of lotus rhizomes and improve the development of the lotus rhizome industry.</description><subject>adsorption</subject><subject>Aquatic plants</subject><subject>Ascorbic acid</subject><subject>Biflavonoids</subject><subject>Blackening</subject><subject>Catechin</subject><subject>Catechin - analysis</subject><subject>Catechin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Catechol</subject><subject>Catechols - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chromaticity</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Citric acid</subject><subject>Color</subject><subject>Dihydroxyphenylalanine</subject><subject>Dihydroxyphenylalanine - chemistry</subject><subject>Epicatechin</subject><subject>Epidermis</subject><subject>epigallocatechin</subject><subject>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids</subject><subject>food science</subject><subject>high performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>industry</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Iron - analysis</subject><subject>Iron chlorides</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Lotus</subject><subject>Lotus - chemistry</subject><subject>lotus rhizome</subject><subject>Mud</subject><subject>nonenzymatic browning</subject><subject>non‐covalent interaction</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Plant Epidermis - chemistry</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>Polyphenols - analysis</subject><subject>Polyphenols - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins - analysis</subject><subject>Proanthocyanidins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Rhizome - chemistry</subject><subject>Rhizomes</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>storage</subject><subject>vegetables</subject><issn>0022-1147</issn><issn>1750-3841</issn><issn>1750-3841</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFvFSEQh4nR2Nfq2Zsh8eJl2wF2gefN1LZqmniongks0EfdhRV20zz_ellf7cFL5zIZ8s0vQz6E3hA4JbXOiOigYbIlp0SAkM_Q5vHlOdoAUNoQ0oojdFzKHawz4y_REZOcw5bCBuWbebF7nCKedw77lEc9hzqNrt_pGMqIk8dm0P1PF0O8xSFiq0d96ywe0rwUnHfhdxoddlOwLo-hfMAX3rt-LuvmlIb9tHMxDQXraHHIKb5CL7weinv90E_Qj8uL7-efm-tvV1_OP143PRWtbHqwTLe645SC0aAlOMoMGK8NWOIkEcaS1pCt8J3k0ne-N0DYFrhkXIJnJ-j9IXfK6dfiyqzqdb0bBh1dWopipGOSCsLo0yi0vCOCbruKvvsPvUtLjvUjleKipW1LZaXODlSfUynZeTXlMOq8VwTUak6tntTqSf01VzfePuQuZnT2kf-nqgL8ANyHwe2fylNfLz_dHJL_ALAZokw</recordid><startdate>202406</startdate><enddate>202406</enddate><creator>Chen, Xianqiang</creator><creator>Huang, Shengkai</creator><creator>Yan, Shoulei</creator><creator>Li, Jie</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-400X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-6355</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202406</creationdate><title>Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron</title><author>Chen, Xianqiang ; Huang, Shengkai ; Yan, Shoulei ; Li, Jie</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2748-c0d3a4a56220ba0a80e23b0bfab0d1e817bd14b197f5868f5fcb01390683680f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>adsorption</topic><topic>Aquatic plants</topic><topic>Ascorbic acid</topic><topic>Biflavonoids</topic><topic>Blackening</topic><topic>Catechin</topic><topic>Catechin - analysis</topic><topic>Catechin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Catechol</topic><topic>Catechols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chromaticity</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Citric acid</topic><topic>Color</topic><topic>Dihydroxyphenylalanine</topic><topic>Dihydroxyphenylalanine - chemistry</topic><topic>Epicatechin</topic><topic>Epidermis</topic><topic>epigallocatechin</topic><topic>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids</topic><topic>food science</topic><topic>high performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>industry</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>Iron - analysis</topic><topic>Iron chlorides</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Lotus</topic><topic>Lotus - chemistry</topic><topic>lotus rhizome</topic><topic>Mud</topic><topic>nonenzymatic browning</topic><topic>non‐covalent interaction</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Plant Epidermis - chemistry</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><topic>Polyphenols - analysis</topic><topic>Polyphenols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins - analysis</topic><topic>Proanthocyanidins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Rhizome - chemistry</topic><topic>Rhizomes</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>storage</topic><topic>vegetables</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Xianqiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shengkai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Shoulei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jie</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of food science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Xianqiang</au><au>Huang, Shengkai</au><au>Yan, Shoulei</au><au>Li, Jie</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron</atitle><jtitle>Journal of food science</jtitle><addtitle>J Food Sci</addtitle><date>2024-06</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>3554</spage><epage>3568</epage><pages>3554-3568</pages><issn>0022-1147</issn><issn>1750-3841</issn><eissn>1750-3841</eissn><abstract>Lotus rhizome is an important aquatic vegetable, but the blackening of lotus rhizome epidermis (LRE) seriously affects its appearance and quality, which makes lotus rhizome products unmarketable. In this study, the effects of polyphenols and iron on the LRE color were studied to explore the possible mechanism of LRE blackening. Results indicated that the measurable total phenols contents in the mud treatment (MT) group were significantly reduced, and the total iron contents were significantly increased compared with the bruised treatment group (p < 0.05). The high‐performance liquid chromatography results showed that the main polyphenols in LRE were dopa, gallocatechin, and catechin, as well as a small amount of catechol, epicatechin, proanthocyanidin B2, and proanthocyanidin C1. Moreover, the results of color difference and ultraviolet adsorption spectroscopy showed that there were obviously black or brown‐gray of dopa (525 nm), gallocatechin (504.5 nm), and catechin (550 and 504.5 nm) with FeCl2. The simulated system treatment of LRE further confirmed that the chromaticity effect of dopa and iron in bruised LRE was similar to that of the MT group, whereas 1% (w/w) ascorbic acid, 2% (w/w) EDTA‐2Na, or 3% (w/w) citric acid could solely prohibit the blackening. This suggested that the dopa in LRE and FeCl2 in mud may mainly combine into [2(DOPA‐2H+)+Fe3+]− through non‐covalent interaction, which leads to the blackening of bruised LRE under neutral conditions. These results can guide the storage of lotus rhizomes and improve the development of the lotus rhizome industry.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>38660920</pmid><doi>10.1111/1750-3841.17078</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-400X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-6355</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adsorption Aquatic plants Ascorbic acid Biflavonoids Blackening Catechin Catechin - analysis Catechin - pharmacology Catechol Catechols - pharmacology Chromaticity Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Citric acid Color Dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine - chemistry Epicatechin Epidermis epigallocatechin Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acids food science high performance liquid chromatography industry Iron Iron - analysis Iron chlorides Liquid chromatography Lotus Lotus - chemistry lotus rhizome Mud nonenzymatic browning non‐covalent interaction Phenols Plant Epidermis - chemistry Polyphenols Polyphenols - analysis Polyphenols - pharmacology Proanthocyanidins Proanthocyanidins - analysis Proanthocyanidins - pharmacology Rhizome - chemistry Rhizomes Spectroscopy storage vegetables |
| title | Study on the formation mechanism of blackening in damaged lotus rhizome epidermis: Effects of polyphenols and iron |
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