l‑Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner
Alterations to the gut microbiota are associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas restoration of normobiosis can effectively alleviate UC. l-Theanine has been shown to reshape the gut microbiota and regulate gut immunity. To investigate the mechanisms by which l-theanine alleviates UC, we used...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2024-09, Vol.72 (36), p.19852-19868 |
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| creator | Xu, Wei Liu, Ao-Xiang Liu, Ke-Hong Zhang, Sheng Gong, Zhi-Hua Xiao, Wen-Jun |
| description | Alterations to the gut microbiota are associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas restoration of normobiosis can effectively alleviate UC. l-Theanine has been shown to reshape the gut microbiota and regulate gut immunity. To investigate the mechanisms by which l-theanine alleviates UC, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice. In this study, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice to explore the mechanism by which l-theanine alleviates UC. By reducing inflammation in the colon, we demonstrated that l-theanine alleviates symptoms of UC. Meanwhile, l-theanine can improve the abundance of microbiota related to short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, and tryptophan production. Single-cell sequencing results indicated that l-theanine-mediated suppression of UC was associated with immune cell changes, especially regarding macrophages and T and B cells, and validated the immune cell responses to the gut microbiota. Further, flow cytometry results showed that the ability of dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes to present microbiota antigens to colonic T cells in an MHC-II-dependent manner was reduced after treating normal mouse fecal donors with l-theanine. These results demonstrate that l-theanine modulates colon adaptive and innate immunity by regulating the gut microbiota in an MHC-II-dependent manner, thereby alleviating UC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04379 |
| format | Article |
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To investigate the mechanisms by which l-theanine alleviates UC, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice. In this study, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice to explore the mechanism by which l-theanine alleviates UC. By reducing inflammation in the colon, we demonstrated that l-theanine alleviates symptoms of UC. Meanwhile, l-theanine can improve the abundance of microbiota related to short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, and tryptophan production. Single-cell sequencing results indicated that l-theanine-mediated suppression of UC was associated with immune cell changes, especially regarding macrophages and T and B cells, and validated the immune cell responses to the gut microbiota. Further, flow cytometry results showed that the ability of dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes to present microbiota antigens to colonic T cells in an MHC-II-dependent manner was reduced after treating normal mouse fecal donors with l-theanine. These results demonstrate that l-theanine modulates colon adaptive and innate immunity by regulating the gut microbiota in an MHC-II-dependent manner, thereby alleviating UC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8561</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1520-5118</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5118</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04379</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39197065</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Animals ; Bacteria - classification ; Bacteria - drug effects ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacteria - immunology ; Bacteria - isolation & purification ; bile acids ; Bioactive Constituents, Metabolites, and Functions ; Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy ; Colitis, Ulcerative - immunology ; Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology ; colon ; Colon - drug effects ; Colon - immunology ; Colon - microbiology ; Feces - microbiology ; flow cytometry ; food chemistry ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects ; Glutamates - administration & dosage ; Glutamates - pharmacology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - immunology ; Humans ; inflammation ; innate immunity ; intestinal microorganisms ; macrophages ; Macrophages - drug effects ; Macrophages - immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; monocytes ; short chain fatty acids ; T-Lymphocytes - drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; tryptophan ; ulcerative colitis</subject><ispartof>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2024-09, Vol.72 (36), p.19852-19868</ispartof><rights>2024 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a252t-67248938d3dd608eec0f52823db16c3b42f0f2ff28d28fa42173f90f522b9f7b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6258-4414 ; 0000-0003-2288-1120</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04379$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04379$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,2754,27063,27911,27912,56725,56775</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39197065$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ao-Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ke-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Zhi-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Wen-Jun</creatorcontrib><title>l‑Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner</title><title>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</title><addtitle>J. Agric. Food Chem</addtitle><description>Alterations to the gut microbiota are associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas restoration of normobiosis can effectively alleviate UC. l-Theanine has been shown to reshape the gut microbiota and regulate gut immunity. To investigate the mechanisms by which l-theanine alleviates UC, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice. In this study, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice to explore the mechanism by which l-theanine alleviates UC. By reducing inflammation in the colon, we demonstrated that l-theanine alleviates symptoms of UC. Meanwhile, l-theanine can improve the abundance of microbiota related to short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, and tryptophan production. Single-cell sequencing results indicated that l-theanine-mediated suppression of UC was associated with immune cell changes, especially regarding macrophages and T and B cells, and validated the immune cell responses to the gut microbiota. Further, flow cytometry results showed that the ability of dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes to present microbiota antigens to colonic T cells in an MHC-II-dependent manner was reduced after treating normal mouse fecal donors with l-theanine. These results demonstrate that l-theanine modulates colon adaptive and innate immunity by regulating the gut microbiota in an MHC-II-dependent manner, thereby alleviating UC.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria - classification</subject><subject>Bacteria - drug effects</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>Bacteria - immunology</subject><subject>Bacteria - isolation & purification</subject><subject>bile acids</subject><subject>Bioactive Constituents, Metabolites, and Functions</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - immunology</subject><subject>Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology</subject><subject>colon</subject><subject>Colon - drug effects</subject><subject>Colon - immunology</subject><subject>Colon - microbiology</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>flow cytometry</subject><subject>food chemistry</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects</subject><subject>Glutamates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Glutamates - pharmacology</subject><subject>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics</subject><subject>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - immunology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>inflammation</subject><subject>innate immunity</subject><subject>intestinal microorganisms</subject><subject>macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Macrophages - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>monocytes</subject><subject>short chain fatty acids</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</subject><subject>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</subject><subject>tryptophan</subject><subject>ulcerative colitis</subject><issn>0021-8561</issn><issn>1520-5118</issn><issn>1520-5118</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcFO3DAQhq2qqGxp7z1VPvbQLGM7iZ0jWgqsBEJCcI6cZAxGjrONnZVW4sAr8Io8Sb3dLTfU00ij7_-lmY-QbwzmDDg71m2YP2rTzvMWciGrD2TGCg5ZwZj6SGaQmEwVJTskn0N4BABVSPhEDkXFKgllMSNP7vX55fYBtbce6YlzuLY6YqB3rsVRR7tGuhicjTbQZkNv8H5yaevvt9vB02XfT97GDU0xGh-Qnk-RXtl2HBo7RE2tp9rTq4tFtlxmp7hC36FPhPYexy_kwGgX8Ot-HpG7s1-3i4vs8vp8uTi5zDQveMxKyXNVCdWJritBIbZgCq646BpWtqLJuQHDjeGq48ronDMpTLVleFMZ2Ygj8mPXuxqH3xOGWPc2tOic9jhMoRasELJkXKr_o1CpxIHMEwo7NB0bwoimXo221-OmZlBv9dRJT73VU-_1pMj3ffvU9Ni9Bf75SMDPHfA3OkyjT395v-8Pl1icRw</recordid><startdate>20240911</startdate><enddate>20240911</enddate><creator>Xu, Wei</creator><creator>Liu, Ao-Xiang</creator><creator>Liu, Ke-Hong</creator><creator>Zhang, Sheng</creator><creator>Gong, Zhi-Hua</creator><creator>Xiao, Wen-Jun</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-4414</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-1120</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240911</creationdate><title>l‑Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner</title><author>Xu, Wei ; Liu, Ao-Xiang ; Liu, Ke-Hong ; Zhang, Sheng ; Gong, Zhi-Hua ; Xiao, Wen-Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a252t-67248938d3dd608eec0f52823db16c3b42f0f2ff28d28fa42173f90f522b9f7b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bacteria - classification</topic><topic>Bacteria - drug effects</topic><topic>Bacteria - genetics</topic><topic>Bacteria - immunology</topic><topic>Bacteria - isolation & purification</topic><topic>bile acids</topic><topic>Bioactive Constituents, Metabolites, and Functions</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - immunology</topic><topic>Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology</topic><topic>colon</topic><topic>Colon - drug effects</topic><topic>Colon - immunology</topic><topic>Colon - microbiology</topic><topic>Feces - microbiology</topic><topic>flow cytometry</topic><topic>food chemistry</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects</topic><topic>Glutamates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Glutamates - pharmacology</topic><topic>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics</topic><topic>Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - immunology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>inflammation</topic><topic>innate immunity</topic><topic>intestinal microorganisms</topic><topic>macrophages</topic><topic>Macrophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Macrophages - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>monocytes</topic><topic>short chain fatty acids</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - drug effects</topic><topic>T-Lymphocytes - immunology</topic><topic>tryptophan</topic><topic>ulcerative colitis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ao-Xiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Ke-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Zhi-Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Wen-Jun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Wei</au><au>Liu, Ao-Xiang</au><au>Liu, Ke-Hong</au><au>Zhang, Sheng</au><au>Gong, Zhi-Hua</au><au>Xiao, Wen-Jun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>l‑Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner</atitle><jtitle>Journal of agricultural and food chemistry</jtitle><addtitle>J. Agric. Food Chem</addtitle><date>2024-09-11</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>36</issue><spage>19852</spage><epage>19868</epage><pages>19852-19868</pages><issn>0021-8561</issn><issn>1520-5118</issn><eissn>1520-5118</eissn><abstract>Alterations to the gut microbiota are associated with ulcerative colitis (UC), whereas restoration of normobiosis can effectively alleviate UC. l-Theanine has been shown to reshape the gut microbiota and regulate gut immunity. To investigate the mechanisms by which l-theanine alleviates UC, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice. In this study, we used l-theanine and l-theanine fecal microbiota solution to treat UC mice to explore the mechanism by which l-theanine alleviates UC. By reducing inflammation in the colon, we demonstrated that l-theanine alleviates symptoms of UC. Meanwhile, l-theanine can improve the abundance of microbiota related to short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, and tryptophan production. Single-cell sequencing results indicated that l-theanine-mediated suppression of UC was associated with immune cell changes, especially regarding macrophages and T and B cells, and validated the immune cell responses to the gut microbiota. Further, flow cytometry results showed that the ability of dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes to present microbiota antigens to colonic T cells in an MHC-II-dependent manner was reduced after treating normal mouse fecal donors with l-theanine. These results demonstrate that l-theanine modulates colon adaptive and innate immunity by regulating the gut microbiota in an MHC-II-dependent manner, thereby alleviating UC.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>39197065</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04379</doi><tpages>17</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-4414</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-1120</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Bacteria - classification Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - genetics Bacteria - immunology Bacteria - isolation & purification bile acids Bioactive Constituents, Metabolites, and Functions Colitis, Ulcerative - drug therapy Colitis, Ulcerative - immunology Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology colon Colon - drug effects Colon - immunology Colon - microbiology Feces - microbiology flow cytometry food chemistry Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects Glutamates - administration & dosage Glutamates - pharmacology Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - immunology Humans inflammation innate immunity intestinal microorganisms macrophages Macrophages - drug effects Macrophages - immunology Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL monocytes short chain fatty acids T-Lymphocytes - drug effects T-Lymphocytes - immunology tryptophan ulcerative colitis |
| title | l‑Theanine Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Colon Immunity via the Gut Microbiota in an MHC-II-Dependent Manner |
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