Molecular analyses of MEFV gene mutation variants in Turkish population

Background Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease primarily affecting individuals of Turkish, Armenian, Arab, and non-Ashkenazi Jewish descent, caused by mutations in the MEFV gene. The aim of this study was to review the common genotype distributions of MEFV variants and mutations in the Turkish population and evaluate rare mutations. Methods and results The study included 2984 patients who applied to Ankara University Ibni Sina Hospital Immunology Laboratory with clinical suspicion of FMF between 2004 and 2014. The data of patients from different regions of the country who were followed up in the immunology-rheumatology clinic with clinical suspicion and presumptive diagnosis of FMF were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were tested for all mutations in Exon 2 and Exon 10, including M694V, M680I, M694I, V726A, E148Q and R202Q. There were 2504 patients with FMF variant. According to genotyping, R202Q ( n = 1567, 39.2%) was the most common mutation. The most common co-variant was the R202Q/M694V genotype ( n = 507, 16.98%). Allele frequencies for MEFV mutations were as follows: R202Q ( n = 1567, 39.2%), M694V ( n = 1004, 25.1%), E148Q ( n = 463, 11.5%), M680I ( n = 354, 8.8%), V726A ( n = 319, 7.9%), A744S ( n = 51, 1.2%), R761H ( N = 41, 1.0%), P706P ( N = 25, 0.6%), E167D ( N = 23, 0.5%), M694I ( N = 23, 0.5%), and K695R ( N = 20, 0.5%). Conclusion This research revealed the prevalence of both common and rare MEFV gene mutations in Turkish FMF patients in various age groups. R202Q was the most prevalent mutation.