Weather, ultrasonic, cranial and body traits predict insect diet hardness in a Central Mexican bat community

Insectivorous bats exhibit food preferences for specific attributes in their prey. Hardness has been defined as an important prey attribute, and in some cases a limiting factor in foraging decisions for smaller compared to larger bat species. The goal of this study was to identify which factors infl...

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Veröffentlicht in:Mammal research 2023-07, Vol.68 (3), p.273-282
Hauptverfasser: Ayala-Berdon, Jorge, Martínez Gómez, Margarita, Ponce, Andrés Ramírez, Beamonte-Barrientos, Rene, Vázquez, Jorge, Rodriguez-Peña, Olga Nelly
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 273
container_title Mammal research
container_volume 68
creator Ayala-Berdon, Jorge
Martínez Gómez, Margarita
Ponce, Andrés Ramírez
Beamonte-Barrientos, Rene
Vázquez, Jorge
Rodriguez-Peña, Olga Nelly
description Insectivorous bats exhibit food preferences for specific attributes in their prey. Hardness has been defined as an important prey attribute, and in some cases a limiting factor in foraging decisions for smaller compared to larger bat species. The goal of this study was to identify which factors influence the selection of prey hardness in a vespertilionid bat community. We investigated food consumed by bats by analyzing fecal samples obtained from eight bat species coexisting in a mountain ecosystem of central Mexico and correlate non-phylogenetically and phylogenetically prey hardness to weather, bat´s body, cranial and ultrasonic call structure variables. Results showed that diet of vespertilionid bats was mainly represented by Diptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera consumption. The qualitative prey hardness index (From soft 1 to hard 5) ranked bats as: Myotis melanorhinus , Corynorhinus mexicanus , Myotis volans , Myotis californicus (
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s13364-023-00678-2
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Prey hardness was positively correlated to minimum and mean temperatures, bat´s body weight, total and forearm lengths, cranial variables as: zygomatic breadth, mandibular length, height of the coronoid process, lower molar width, C-M3 superior and inferior rows length and upper molar width; and negatively to ultrasonic variables as total slope, call duration, low and high frequencies, band width and frequency maximum power. Considering phylogenies, prey hardness positively correlated to mandibular length, C-M3 inferior and superior rows lengths ( p  &lt; 0.05). 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Prey hardness was positively correlated to minimum and mean temperatures, bat´s body weight, total and forearm lengths, cranial variables as: zygomatic breadth, mandibular length, height of the coronoid process, lower molar width, C-M3 superior and inferior rows length and upper molar width; and negatively to ultrasonic variables as total slope, call duration, low and high frequencies, band width and frequency maximum power. Considering phylogenies, prey hardness positively correlated to mandibular length, C-M3 inferior and superior rows lengths ( p  &lt; 0.05). 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Hardness has been defined as an important prey attribute, and in some cases a limiting factor in foraging decisions for smaller compared to larger bat species. The goal of this study was to identify which factors influence the selection of prey hardness in a vespertilionid bat community. We investigated food consumed by bats by analyzing fecal samples obtained from eight bat species coexisting in a mountain ecosystem of central Mexico and correlate non-phylogenetically and phylogenetically prey hardness to weather, bat´s body, cranial and ultrasonic call structure variables. Results showed that diet of vespertilionid bats was mainly represented by Diptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera consumption. The qualitative prey hardness index (From soft 1 to hard 5) ranked bats as: Myotis melanorhinus , Corynorhinus mexicanus , Myotis volans , Myotis californicus (&lt; 3); Myotis velifer (&lt; 4); Eptesicus fuscus , Idionycteris phyllotis and Myotis thysanodes (&gt; 4.2). Prey hardness was positively correlated to minimum and mean temperatures, bat´s body weight, total and forearm lengths, cranial variables as: zygomatic breadth, mandibular length, height of the coronoid process, lower molar width, C-M3 superior and inferior rows length and upper molar width; and negatively to ultrasonic variables as total slope, call duration, low and high frequencies, band width and frequency maximum power. Considering phylogenies, prey hardness positively correlated to mandibular length, C-M3 inferior and superior rows lengths ( p  &lt; 0.05). Our results showed that environmental, morphological and echolocation variables can be used as predictors of preferred insect prey in a community of vespertilionid bats.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s13364-023-00678-2</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-7397</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-5189</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-1265</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Animal Ecology
arms (limbs)
Bats
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Body weight
Coleoptera
Diet
Diptera
Echolocation
ecosystems
Eptesicus fuscus
Evolutionary Biology
Feces
Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management
Food preferences
hardness
insectivores
insects
Lepidoptera
Life Sciences
Mandible
Mexico
Myotis californicus
Myotis thysanodes
Neuroptera
Original Paper
Phylogeny
Prey
Skull
species
ultrasonics
Vespertilionidae
Weather
Zoology
title Weather, ultrasonic, cranial and body traits predict insect diet hardness in a Central Mexican bat community
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