Exploring Temporal and Spatial Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: Insights for Air Quality Management
Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ) contributes to air pollution problems in every country. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM 2.5 concentration over time, trends, seasonal factors, and spatial changes in the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia. The stud...
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| creator | Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam Latif, Mohd Talib |
| description | Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM
2.5
) contributes to air pollution problems in every country. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time, trends, seasonal factors, and spatial changes in the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia. The study region includes eight stations spread across three states in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor, using data provided by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) from 2018 to 2021. Statistical analysis using nonparametric regression reveals a significant difference (
p
-value |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-024-07204-3 |
| format | Article |
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2.5
) contributes to air pollution problems in every country. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time, trends, seasonal factors, and spatial changes in the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia. The study region includes eight stations spread across three states in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor, using data provided by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) from 2018 to 2021. Statistical analysis using nonparametric regression reveals a significant difference (
p
-value < 0.05) which shows no relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time. The concentration of PM
2.5
at the breakpoint has been trending similarly over four years at all stations. The yearly trend of PM
2.5
concentration from 2018 to 2021 shows below the unhealthy level at the breakpoint of PM
2.5
(55.5–150.4 µg/m
3
) from the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). The PM
2.5
concentration is higher between Jun and September, indicating the Southwest monsoon or dry season. By using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), there is an evident change in the breakpoint concentration of PM
2.5
in August and September 2019 between 36.4–42.8 µg/m
3
and 65.1–78.6 µg/m
3
, respectively, which September approaches the Unhealthy level based on PM
2.5
breakpoint in the Air Pollutant Index (API). In comparison, the Putrajaya station, located in the urban area, has the highest PM
2.5
concentration breakpoint (78.6 µg/m
3
) of any station. The government can directly utilise this study's findings with guidance on managing air quality and health issues as well as crucial details on the long-term health concerns for residents of the study area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-024-07204-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>air ; air pollutants ; Air pollution ; Air quality ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Dry season ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental protection ; Hydrogeology ; Malaysia ; monsoon season ; Monsoons ; Outdoor air quality ; Particulate emissions ; Particulate matter ; particulates ; Pollution index ; Quality management ; soil ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Suspended particulate matter ; Trends ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; Urban areas ; water ; Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2024-06, Vol.235 (6), p.401-401, Article 401</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-c12f92171590b1aa109349ef9d274d05bbacdf2667a87da1dd53f12f8efece883</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9215-2778</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-024-07204-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11270-024-07204-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912,41475,42544,51306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, Mohd Talib</creatorcontrib><title>Exploring Temporal and Spatial Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: Insights for Air Quality Management</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><addtitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</addtitle><description>Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM
2.5
) contributes to air pollution problems in every country. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time, trends, seasonal factors, and spatial changes in the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia. The study region includes eight stations spread across three states in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor, using data provided by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) from 2018 to 2021. Statistical analysis using nonparametric regression reveals a significant difference (
p
-value < 0.05) which shows no relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time. The concentration of PM
2.5
at the breakpoint has been trending similarly over four years at all stations. The yearly trend of PM
2.5
concentration from 2018 to 2021 shows below the unhealthy level at the breakpoint of PM
2.5
(55.5–150.4 µg/m
3
) from the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). The PM
2.5
concentration is higher between Jun and September, indicating the Southwest monsoon or dry season. By using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), there is an evident change in the breakpoint concentration of PM
2.5
in August and September 2019 between 36.4–42.8 µg/m
3
and 65.1–78.6 µg/m
3
, respectively, which September approaches the Unhealthy level based on PM
2.5
breakpoint in the Air Pollutant Index (API). In comparison, the Putrajaya station, located in the urban area, has the highest PM
2.5
concentration breakpoint (78.6 µg/m
3
) of any station. The government can directly utilise this study's findings with guidance on managing air quality and health issues as well as crucial details on the long-term health concerns for residents of the study area.</description><subject>air</subject><subject>air pollutants</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air quality</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>Dry season</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Malaysia</subject><subject>monsoon season</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Particulate emissions</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>particulates</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Quality management</subject><subject>soil</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>United States Environmental Protection Agency</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>water</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><issn>0049-6979</issn><issn>1573-2932</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kUFrGzEQhUVpoG6SP5CToJceuulI2l2tejMmaUIdkhAnVzHe1doysrSV1lDf-tOjxIVCDtFFYvS9x2MeIWcMzhmA_J4Y4xIK4GUBkkNZiA9kwiopCq4E_0gmAKUqaiXVJ_I5pQ3koxo5IX8v_gwuROtXdGG2Q4joKPqOPgw42vxeROO7RK2ndzf8vKKz4Fvjx5h_g3-dj2tDfznMBk_onNl_ozfocJ8s_qDXPtnVeky0D5FObaT3O3R23GfE48pss9MJOerRJXP67z4mj5cXi9lVMb_9eT2bzotWgBiLlvFecSZZpWDJEBkoUSrTq47LsoNqucS263ldS2xkh6zrKtFnTWN605qmEcfk68F3iOH3zqRRb21qjcvJTdglLVglaimbus7olzfoJuyiz-m0gLpiQkEDmeIHqo0hpWh6PUS7xbjXDPRLKfpQis6l6NdStMgicRCl4WXnJv63fkf1DNe0j1I</recordid><startdate>20240601</startdate><enddate>20240601</enddate><creator>Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza</creator><creator>Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus</creator><creator>Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam</creator><creator>Latif, Mohd Talib</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9215-2778</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240601</creationdate><title>Exploring Temporal and Spatial Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: Insights for Air Quality Management</title><author>Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza ; Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus ; Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam ; Latif, Mohd Talib</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c303t-c12f92171590b1aa109349ef9d274d05bbacdf2667a87da1dd53f12f8efece883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>air</topic><topic>air pollutants</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Air quality</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</topic><topic>Dry season</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental protection</topic><topic>Hydrogeology</topic><topic>Malaysia</topic><topic>monsoon season</topic><topic>Monsoons</topic><topic>Outdoor air quality</topic><topic>Particulate emissions</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>particulates</topic><topic>Pollution index</topic><topic>Quality management</topic><topic>soil</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Suspended particulate matter</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>United States Environmental Protection Agency</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>water</topic><topic>Water Quality/Water Pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Latif, Mohd Talib</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ahmad Rusmili, Siti Hasliza</au><au>Mohamad Hamzah, Firdaus</au><au>Abdul Maulud, Khairul Nizam</au><au>Latif, Mohd Talib</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Exploring Temporal and Spatial Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: Insights for Air Quality Management</atitle><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle><stitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</stitle><date>2024-06-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>235</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>401</spage><epage>401</epage><pages>401-401</pages><artnum>401</artnum><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><abstract>Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 microns (PM
2.5
) contributes to air pollution problems in every country. This study aims to determine the relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time, trends, seasonal factors, and spatial changes in the Klang Valley in Peninsular Malaysia. The study region includes eight stations spread across three states in Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, and Selangor, using data provided by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) from 2018 to 2021. Statistical analysis using nonparametric regression reveals a significant difference (
p
-value < 0.05) which shows no relationship between PM
2.5
concentration over time. The concentration of PM
2.5
at the breakpoint has been trending similarly over four years at all stations. The yearly trend of PM
2.5
concentration from 2018 to 2021 shows below the unhealthy level at the breakpoint of PM
2.5
(55.5–150.4 µg/m
3
) from the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA). The PM
2.5
concentration is higher between Jun and September, indicating the Southwest monsoon or dry season. By using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), there is an evident change in the breakpoint concentration of PM
2.5
in August and September 2019 between 36.4–42.8 µg/m
3
and 65.1–78.6 µg/m
3
, respectively, which September approaches the Unhealthy level based on PM
2.5
breakpoint in the Air Pollutant Index (API). In comparison, the Putrajaya station, located in the urban area, has the highest PM
2.5
concentration breakpoint (78.6 µg/m
3
) of any station. The government can directly utilise this study's findings with guidance on managing air quality and health issues as well as crucial details on the long-term health concerns for residents of the study area.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-024-07204-3</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9215-2778</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0049-6979 |
| ispartof | Water, air, and soil pollution, 2024-06, Vol.235 (6), p.401-401, Article 401 |
| issn | 0049-6979 1573-2932 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3153677866 |
| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | air air pollutants Air pollution Air quality Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts Dry season Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental protection Hydrogeology Malaysia monsoon season Monsoons Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter particulates Pollution index Quality management soil Soil Science & Conservation Statistical analysis Statistical methods Suspended particulate matter Trends United States Environmental Protection Agency Urban areas water Water Quality/Water Pollution |
| title | Exploring Temporal and Spatial Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations in the Klang Valley, Malaysia: Insights for Air Quality Management |
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