Distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the toxic flatworm Planocera multitentaculata from Honshu Island, Japan
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins, has been detected in both marine and terrestrial organisms. The marine polyclad flatworm Planocera multitentaculata is known to contain high levels of TTX throughout its life cycle, including in the egg and larval stages. We...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fisheries science 2024-03, Vol.90 (2), p.319-326 |
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| creator | Suo, Rei Tanaka, Makoto Asano, Masaki Nakahigashi, Ryota Adachi, Masaatsu Nishikawa, Toshio Ogiso, Shouzo Matsubara, Hajime Suzuki, Nobuo Itoi, Shiro |
| description | Tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins, has been detected in both marine and terrestrial organisms. The marine polyclad flatworm
Planocera multitentaculata
is known to contain high levels of TTX throughout its life cycle, including in the egg and larval stages. We recently reported that
P. multitentaculata
from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, possesses TTX analogs including 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, monodeoxyTTXs, dideoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol. It is not known whether all
P. multitentaculata
occurring in the Japanese archipelago possess major TTX analogs, or whether regional variations in TTX profile exist. In this study, we used high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the content profile of TTX and its analogs in
P. multitentaculata
collected from several regions of the Japanese coast. We detected TTX and its major analogs 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, monodeoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol in all specimens regardless of the sampling site. In addition, their relative proportions showed a similar pattern. These results suggest that the flatworm may have mechanisms involved in maintaining the proportions of TTX and its analogs in the body. How the toxic flatworms acquire the highly concentrated toxins and maintain the proportions of TTXs is therefore of great interest and further investigation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12562-024-01754-5 |
| format | Article |
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Planocera multitentaculata
is known to contain high levels of TTX throughout its life cycle, including in the egg and larval stages. We recently reported that
P. multitentaculata
from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, possesses TTX analogs including 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, monodeoxyTTXs, dideoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol. It is not known whether all
P. multitentaculata
occurring in the Japanese archipelago possess major TTX analogs, or whether regional variations in TTX profile exist. In this study, we used high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the content profile of TTX and its analogs in
P. multitentaculata
collected from several regions of the Japanese coast. We detected TTX and its major analogs 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, monodeoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol in all specimens regardless of the sampling site. In addition, their relative proportions showed a similar pattern. These results suggest that the flatworm may have mechanisms involved in maintaining the proportions of TTX and its analogs in the body. How the toxic flatworms acquire the highly concentrated toxins and maintain the proportions of TTXs is therefore of great interest and further investigation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0919-9268</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1444-2906</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12562-024-01754-5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Tokyo: Springer Japan</publisher><subject>Analogs ; Aquatic invertebrates ; Archipelagoes ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Chromatography ; Coastal zone ; Coasts ; eggs ; fish ; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management ; Fisheries ; Flatworms ; Food Science ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology ; Japan ; larvae ; Larval stage ; Life cycle ; Life cycles ; Life Sciences ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Neurotoxins ; Organisms ; Original Article ; Planocera multitentaculata ; Platyhelminthes ; Regional variations ; Science ; Scientific imaging ; Tetrodotoxin ; toxicity ; Toxins</subject><ispartof>Fisheries science, 2024-03, Vol.90 (2), p.319-326</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1e82e85b9d03eaeb81db46598aaf9e2722f3743204738f590ddc388f9cb16bf73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1e82e85b9d03eaeb81db46598aaf9e2722f3743204738f590ddc388f9cb16bf73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12562-024-01754-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12562-024-01754-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912,41475,42544,51306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Suo, Rei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asano, Masaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakahigashi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adachi, Masaatsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishikawa, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogiso, Shouzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsubara, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Nobuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itoi, Shiro</creatorcontrib><title>Distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the toxic flatworm Planocera multitentaculata from Honshu Island, Japan</title><title>Fisheries science</title><addtitle>Fish Sci</addtitle><description>Tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins, has been detected in both marine and terrestrial organisms. The marine polyclad flatworm
Planocera multitentaculata
is known to contain high levels of TTX throughout its life cycle, including in the egg and larval stages. We recently reported that
P. multitentaculata
from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, possesses TTX analogs including 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, monodeoxyTTXs, dideoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol. It is not known whether all
P. multitentaculata
occurring in the Japanese archipelago possess major TTX analogs, or whether regional variations in TTX profile exist. In this study, we used high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the content profile of TTX and its analogs in
P. multitentaculata
collected from several regions of the Japanese coast. We detected TTX and its major analogs 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, monodeoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol in all specimens regardless of the sampling site. In addition, their relative proportions showed a similar pattern. These results suggest that the flatworm may have mechanisms involved in maintaining the proportions of TTX and its analogs in the body. How the toxic flatworms acquire the highly concentrated toxins and maintain the proportions of TTXs is therefore of great interest and further investigation.</description><subject>Analogs</subject><subject>Aquatic invertebrates</subject><subject>Archipelagoes</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Coasts</subject><subject>eggs</subject><subject>fish</subject><subject>Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management</subject><subject>Fisheries</subject><subject>Flatworms</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Japan</subject><subject>larvae</subject><subject>Larval stage</subject><subject>Life cycle</subject><subject>Life cycles</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Neurotoxins</subject><subject>Organisms</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Planocera multitentaculata</subject><subject>Platyhelminthes</subject><subject>Regional variations</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Tetrodotoxin</subject><subject>toxicity</subject><subject>Toxins</subject><issn>0919-9268</issn><issn>1444-2906</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtLxDAUhYMoOI7-AVcBNy6s5tkmSxkfMzKgC12HtE1mOrTNmKSM_nszVhBcuLpwz3cO93IAOMfoGiNU3ARMeE4yRFiGcMFZxg_ABDPGMiJRfggmSGKZSZKLY3ASwgYhlHMkJmB314Tom3KIjeuhszCa6F3tovtoeqj7GjYxpKlbtwowreLawL1YQdvquHO-gy-t7l1lvIbd0MYmmj7qakiqhta7Ds5dH9YDXITE1VfwSW91fwqOrG6DOfuZU_D2cP86m2fL58fF7HaZVYzQmGEjiBG8lDWiRptS4LpkOZdCaysNKQixtGCUIFZQYblEdV1RIaysSpyXtqBTcDnmbr17H0yIqmtCZdp0inFDUBRzmmOO0R69-INu3ODT50ERSQtcCC7yRJGRqrwLwRurtr7ptP9UGKl9F2rsQqUu1HcXiicTHU0hwf3K-N_of1xf-vaN3g</recordid><startdate>20240301</startdate><enddate>20240301</enddate><creator>Suo, Rei</creator><creator>Tanaka, Makoto</creator><creator>Asano, Masaki</creator><creator>Nakahigashi, Ryota</creator><creator>Adachi, Masaatsu</creator><creator>Nishikawa, Toshio</creator><creator>Ogiso, Shouzo</creator><creator>Matsubara, Hajime</creator><creator>Suzuki, Nobuo</creator><creator>Itoi, Shiro</creator><general>Springer Japan</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H98</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240301</creationdate><title>Distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the toxic flatworm Planocera multitentaculata from Honshu Island, Japan</title><author>Suo, Rei ; Tanaka, Makoto ; Asano, Masaki ; Nakahigashi, Ryota ; Adachi, Masaatsu ; Nishikawa, Toshio ; Ogiso, Shouzo ; Matsubara, Hajime ; Suzuki, Nobuo ; Itoi, Shiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1e82e85b9d03eaeb81db46598aaf9e2722f3743204738f590ddc388f9cb16bf73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Analogs</topic><topic>Aquatic invertebrates</topic><topic>Archipelagoes</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Coastal zone</topic><topic>Coasts</topic><topic>eggs</topic><topic>fish</topic><topic>Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management</topic><topic>Fisheries</topic><topic>Flatworms</topic><topic>Food Science</topic><topic>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</topic><topic>Japan</topic><topic>larvae</topic><topic>Larval stage</topic><topic>Life cycle</topic><topic>Life cycles</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Neurotoxins</topic><topic>Organisms</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Planocera multitentaculata</topic><topic>Platyhelminthes</topic><topic>Regional variations</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Tetrodotoxin</topic><topic>toxicity</topic><topic>Toxins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Suo, Rei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Makoto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asano, Masaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakahigashi, Ryota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adachi, Masaatsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishikawa, Toshio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogiso, Shouzo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsubara, Hajime</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suzuki, Nobuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Itoi, Shiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Aquaculture Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Fisheries science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Suo, Rei</au><au>Tanaka, Makoto</au><au>Asano, Masaki</au><au>Nakahigashi, Ryota</au><au>Adachi, Masaatsu</au><au>Nishikawa, Toshio</au><au>Ogiso, Shouzo</au><au>Matsubara, Hajime</au><au>Suzuki, Nobuo</au><au>Itoi, Shiro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the toxic flatworm Planocera multitentaculata from Honshu Island, Japan</atitle><jtitle>Fisheries science</jtitle><stitle>Fish Sci</stitle><date>2024-03-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>319</spage><epage>326</epage><pages>319-326</pages><issn>0919-9268</issn><eissn>1444-2906</eissn><abstract>Tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most potent naturally occurring neurotoxins, has been detected in both marine and terrestrial organisms. The marine polyclad flatworm
Planocera multitentaculata
is known to contain high levels of TTX throughout its life cycle, including in the egg and larval stages. We recently reported that
P. multitentaculata
from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan, possesses TTX analogs including 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, monodeoxyTTXs, dideoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol. It is not known whether all
P. multitentaculata
occurring in the Japanese archipelago possess major TTX analogs, or whether regional variations in TTX profile exist. In this study, we used high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the content profile of TTX and its analogs in
P. multitentaculata
collected from several regions of the Japanese coast. We detected TTX and its major analogs 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, dideoxyTTXs, monodeoxyTTXs, and 11-norTTX-6(
S
)-ol in all specimens regardless of the sampling site. In addition, their relative proportions showed a similar pattern. These results suggest that the flatworm may have mechanisms involved in maintaining the proportions of TTX and its analogs in the body. How the toxic flatworms acquire the highly concentrated toxins and maintain the proportions of TTXs is therefore of great interest and further investigation.</abstract><cop>Tokyo</cop><pub>Springer Japan</pub><doi>10.1007/s12562-024-01754-5</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Analogs Aquatic invertebrates Archipelagoes Biomedical and Life Sciences Chromatography Coastal zone Coasts eggs fish Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management Fisheries Flatworms Food Science Freshwater & Marine Ecology Japan larvae Larval stage Life cycle Life cycles Life Sciences Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Neurotoxins Organisms Original Article Planocera multitentaculata Platyhelminthes Regional variations Science Scientific imaging Tetrodotoxin toxicity Toxins |
| title | Distribution of tetrodotoxin and its analogs in the toxic flatworm Planocera multitentaculata from Honshu Island, Japan |
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