Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)?
Background Toumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pest management science 2024-06, Vol.80 (6), p.2881-2891 |
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| creator | Di Sora, Nicolò Rossini, Luca Contarini, Mario Virla, Eduardo Gabriel Speranza, Stefano |
| description | Background
Toumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for alternative control strategies applicable in natural systems as well. An analysis of the effectiveness of autochthonous and naturalized predators is the first step to achieve this goal. This work focused on two candidate predators, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that may potentially control T. parvicornis. The analysis was carried out under laboratory‐controlled and semi‐field conditions.
Results
Laboratory tests were carried out to assess: (i) the predation rate of the ladybugs over different densities of pest preimaginal stages, and (ii) the effect of the presence of heterospecific and conspecific predators on the attractiveness of prey colonies. Semi‐field experimentations were carried out by wrapping infested stone pine twigs with net sleeves and applying one of three treatments: (i) Exochomus quadripustulatus, (ii) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and (iii) control containing only the pest population. Both the ladybugs were attracted by T. parvicornis, offered as prey. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more attracted to conspecific and heterospecific ladybugs than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and responded to prey more quickly.
Conclusions
The results obtained could be useful for planning further experimentations to explore the potential use of these predators in biological control programs that may be applied in infested areas. Besides the use in an urban context, where pesticide use is strongly limited, the release of natural enemies may help safeguard stone pine forests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus demonstrated to have a potential predation activity to control Toumeyella parvicornis. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more prone to co‐live with conspecific and heterospecific individuals than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, showing a quicker response in the feeding behavior. Semi‐field tests showed that the predators were able to prey T. parvicornis and to reduce the population density of the pest. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ps.7996 |
| format | Article |
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Toumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for alternative control strategies applicable in natural systems as well. An analysis of the effectiveness of autochthonous and naturalized predators is the first step to achieve this goal. This work focused on two candidate predators, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that may potentially control T. parvicornis. The analysis was carried out under laboratory‐controlled and semi‐field conditions.
Results
Laboratory tests were carried out to assess: (i) the predation rate of the ladybugs over different densities of pest preimaginal stages, and (ii) the effect of the presence of heterospecific and conspecific predators on the attractiveness of prey colonies. Semi‐field experimentations were carried out by wrapping infested stone pine twigs with net sleeves and applying one of three treatments: (i) Exochomus quadripustulatus, (ii) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and (iii) control containing only the pest population. Both the ladybugs were attracted by T. parvicornis, offered as prey. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more attracted to conspecific and heterospecific ladybugs than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and responded to prey more quickly.
Conclusions
The results obtained could be useful for planning further experimentations to explore the potential use of these predators in biological control programs that may be applied in infested areas. Besides the use in an urban context, where pesticide use is strongly limited, the release of natural enemies may help safeguard stone pine forests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus demonstrated to have a potential predation activity to control Toumeyella parvicornis. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more prone to co‐live with conspecific and heterospecific individuals than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, showing a quicker response in the feeding behavior. Semi‐field tests showed that the predators were able to prey T. parvicornis and to reduce the population density of the pest.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1526-498X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1526-4998</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ps.7996</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38353313</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological control ; Coccinellidae ; Coleoptera ; Coleoptera - physiology ; Coniferous forests ; conspecificity ; Control programs ; Cryptolaemus montrouzieri ; Exochomus quadripustulatus ; Female ; Food Chain ; Hemiptera - physiology ; Host plants ; Italy ; Laboratory tests ; ladybug ; Natural enemies ; Nymph - growth & development ; Nymph - physiology ; Pest Control, Biological ; Pesticides ; Pests ; Pine ; Pine trees ; Pinus ; Pinus pinea ; plant protection ; Predation ; Predators ; Predatory Behavior ; Prey ; stone pine ; System effectiveness ; tortoise scale insect ; Toumeyella parvicornis ; urban forestry</subject><ispartof>Pest management science, 2024-06, Vol.80 (6), p.2881-2891</ispartof><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3406-1914bc9ac10938479bb671cd84929d242542d43ab8deeb4727e8e2e3e852da023</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0106-3938 ; 0000-0001-8348-2970</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fps.7996$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fps.7996$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38353313$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Di Sora, Nicolò</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossini, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Contarini, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Virla, Eduardo Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speranza, Stefano</creatorcontrib><title>Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)?</title><title>Pest management science</title><addtitle>Pest Manag Sci</addtitle><description>Background
Toumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for alternative control strategies applicable in natural systems as well. An analysis of the effectiveness of autochthonous and naturalized predators is the first step to achieve this goal. This work focused on two candidate predators, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that may potentially control T. parvicornis. The analysis was carried out under laboratory‐controlled and semi‐field conditions.
Results
Laboratory tests were carried out to assess: (i) the predation rate of the ladybugs over different densities of pest preimaginal stages, and (ii) the effect of the presence of heterospecific and conspecific predators on the attractiveness of prey colonies. Semi‐field experimentations were carried out by wrapping infested stone pine twigs with net sleeves and applying one of three treatments: (i) Exochomus quadripustulatus, (ii) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and (iii) control containing only the pest population. Both the ladybugs were attracted by T. parvicornis, offered as prey. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more attracted to conspecific and heterospecific ladybugs than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and responded to prey more quickly.
Conclusions
The results obtained could be useful for planning further experimentations to explore the potential use of these predators in biological control programs that may be applied in infested areas. Besides the use in an urban context, where pesticide use is strongly limited, the release of natural enemies may help safeguard stone pine forests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus demonstrated to have a potential predation activity to control Toumeyella parvicornis. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more prone to co‐live with conspecific and heterospecific individuals than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, showing a quicker response in the feeding behavior. Semi‐field tests showed that the predators were able to prey T. parvicornis and to reduce the population density of the pest.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological control</subject><subject>Coccinellidae</subject><subject>Coleoptera</subject><subject>Coleoptera - physiology</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>conspecificity</subject><subject>Control programs</subject><subject>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</subject><subject>Exochomus quadripustulatus</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food Chain</subject><subject>Hemiptera - physiology</subject><subject>Host plants</subject><subject>Italy</subject><subject>Laboratory tests</subject><subject>ladybug</subject><subject>Natural enemies</subject><subject>Nymph - growth & development</subject><subject>Nymph - physiology</subject><subject>Pest Control, Biological</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Pine</subject><subject>Pine trees</subject><subject>Pinus</subject><subject>Pinus pinea</subject><subject>plant protection</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Predatory Behavior</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>stone pine</subject><subject>System effectiveness</subject><subject>tortoise scale insect</subject><subject>Toumeyella parvicornis</subject><subject>urban forestry</subject><issn>1526-498X</issn><issn>1526-4998</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkd1qFjEQhoMotlbxDiTggRX5av72Jz2RslQrFBSs4FnIJvPZlN1NmmzU9ZK8SrN-tYggHs2QefIww4vQY0qOKCHsZUhHjZT1HbRPK1ZvhJTt3du-_bSHHqR0RQiRUrL7aI-3vOKc8n304yQCni8BD9ouff6ccBeXMPtBw5gTHv00R5-_O4gO68ni02_eXPp1dJ21jS7kNOdBz-XhsPMD-DBD1Me488a4CYbBWQ3PsSl_SzcDDhFK9TFhv8UXPo-wFErjoOMXZ3ycXDGdwej-FK2OVw_Rva0eEjy6qQfo4-vTi-5sc_7uzdvu5HxjuCD1hkoqeiO1oUTyVjSy7-uGGtsKyaRlglWCWcF131qAXjSsgRYYcGgrZjVh_AAd7rwh-usMaVajS2ZdcgKfk-K04lUtG8L_izLJ6ooR3lQFffoXeuVznMohipOKSyIEawr1bEeZ6FOKsFUhulHHRVGi1qRVSGpNupBPbny5H8Hecr-jLcCLHfDVDbD8y6Pef_il-wmbyrOp</recordid><startdate>202406</startdate><enddate>202406</enddate><creator>Di Sora, Nicolò</creator><creator>Rossini, Luca</creator><creator>Contarini, Mario</creator><creator>Virla, Eduardo Gabriel</creator><creator>Speranza, Stefano</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-3938</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-2970</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202406</creationdate><title>Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)?</title><author>Di Sora, Nicolò ; Rossini, Luca ; Contarini, Mario ; Virla, Eduardo Gabriel ; Speranza, Stefano</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3406-1914bc9ac10938479bb671cd84929d242542d43ab8deeb4727e8e2e3e852da023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological control</topic><topic>Coccinellidae</topic><topic>Coleoptera</topic><topic>Coleoptera - physiology</topic><topic>Coniferous forests</topic><topic>conspecificity</topic><topic>Control programs</topic><topic>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</topic><topic>Exochomus quadripustulatus</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food Chain</topic><topic>Hemiptera - physiology</topic><topic>Host plants</topic><topic>Italy</topic><topic>Laboratory tests</topic><topic>ladybug</topic><topic>Natural enemies</topic><topic>Nymph - growth & development</topic><topic>Nymph - physiology</topic><topic>Pest Control, Biological</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Pests</topic><topic>Pine</topic><topic>Pine trees</topic><topic>Pinus</topic><topic>Pinus pinea</topic><topic>plant protection</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>Predatory Behavior</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>stone pine</topic><topic>System effectiveness</topic><topic>tortoise scale insect</topic><topic>Toumeyella parvicornis</topic><topic>urban forestry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Di Sora, Nicolò</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossini, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Contarini, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Virla, Eduardo Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Speranza, Stefano</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pest management science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Di Sora, Nicolò</au><au>Rossini, Luca</au><au>Contarini, Mario</au><au>Virla, Eduardo Gabriel</au><au>Speranza, Stefano</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)?</atitle><jtitle>Pest management science</jtitle><addtitle>Pest Manag Sci</addtitle><date>2024-06</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2881</spage><epage>2891</epage><pages>2881-2891</pages><issn>1526-498X</issn><eissn>1526-4998</eissn><abstract>Background
Toumeyella parvicornis is an alien pest of recent introduction in Italy that infests stone pines (Pinus pinea L.), its main host plant in Europe. Infestations are currently controlled through endotherapic treatments, but the high costs and the long‐term inefficacy highlight the need for alternative control strategies applicable in natural systems as well. An analysis of the effectiveness of autochthonous and naturalized predators is the first step to achieve this goal. This work focused on two candidate predators, Exochomus quadripustulatus and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that may potentially control T. parvicornis. The analysis was carried out under laboratory‐controlled and semi‐field conditions.
Results
Laboratory tests were carried out to assess: (i) the predation rate of the ladybugs over different densities of pest preimaginal stages, and (ii) the effect of the presence of heterospecific and conspecific predators on the attractiveness of prey colonies. Semi‐field experimentations were carried out by wrapping infested stone pine twigs with net sleeves and applying one of three treatments: (i) Exochomus quadripustulatus, (ii) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, and (iii) control containing only the pest population. Both the ladybugs were attracted by T. parvicornis, offered as prey. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more attracted to conspecific and heterospecific ladybugs than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and responded to prey more quickly.
Conclusions
The results obtained could be useful for planning further experimentations to explore the potential use of these predators in biological control programs that may be applied in infested areas. Besides the use in an urban context, where pesticide use is strongly limited, the release of natural enemies may help safeguard stone pine forests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus demonstrated to have a potential predation activity to control Toumeyella parvicornis. Exochomus quadripustulatus was more prone to co‐live with conspecific and heterospecific individuals than Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, showing a quicker response in the feeding behavior. Semi‐field tests showed that the predators were able to prey T. parvicornis and to reduce the population density of the pest.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>38353313</pmid><doi>10.1002/ps.7996</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0106-3938</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-2970</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pest management science, 2024-06, Vol.80 (6), p.2881-2891 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animals Biological control Coccinellidae Coleoptera Coleoptera - physiology Coniferous forests conspecificity Control programs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Exochomus quadripustulatus Female Food Chain Hemiptera - physiology Host plants Italy Laboratory tests ladybug Natural enemies Nymph - growth & development Nymph - physiology Pest Control, Biological Pesticides Pests Pine Pine trees Pinus Pinus pinea plant protection Predation Predators Predatory Behavior Prey stone pine System effectiveness tortoise scale insect Toumeyella parvicornis urban forestry |
| title | Are the ladybugs Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Exochomus quadripustulatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) candidate predators of Toumeyella parvicornis (Hemiptera: Coccidae)? |
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