Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method
A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207)....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental pollution (1987) 2024-05, Vol.348, p.123730-123730, Article 123730 |
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| container_title | Environmental pollution (1987) |
| container_volume | 348 |
| creator | Chi, Zhi Hao Liu, Lan Zheng, Jingyun Tian, Lei Chevrier, Jonathan Bornman, Riana Obida, Muvhulawa Goodyer, Cynthia Gates Hales, Barbara F. Bayen, Stéphane |
| description | A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207). Total BPA (free and conjugated) and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria, whereas total BPS was the predominant bisphenol detected in Montreal samples. The levels of total BPA in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria ranged between |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730 |
| format | Article |
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[Display omitted]
•9 bisphenols were quantified in 594 human milk samples from South Africa and Canada.•High levels of bisphenol A were detected in South African human milk.•A significant shift from BPA to BPS was observed in Canadian human milk.•Human milk biomonitoring programs are important particularly in data-poor countries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-7491</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6424</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38458524</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis ; Biological Monitoring ; Biomonitoring ; bisphenol A ; Bisphenols ; breast milk ; Canada ; environmental monitoring ; Human milk ; Humans ; Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ; milk ; Milk, Human - chemistry ; Phenols ; pollution ; South Africa</subject><ispartof>Environmental pollution (1987), 2024-05, Vol.348, p.123730-123730, Article 123730</ispartof><rights>2024 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-f85b86a6327475ad86121f96876dcd80503b79134dd4ff078f89b27f336e05623</cites><orcidid>0009-0002-4158-3129 ; 0000-0002-9935-6685 ; 0009-0006-8230-2644</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,3539,27913,27914,45984</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38458524$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chi, Zhi Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Lan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Jingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevrier, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bornman, Riana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obida, Muvhulawa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodyer, Cynthia Gates</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hales, Barbara F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayen, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><title>Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method</title><title>Environmental pollution (1987)</title><addtitle>Environ Pollut</addtitle><description>A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207). Total BPA (free and conjugated) and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria, whereas total BPS was the predominant bisphenol detected in Montreal samples. The levels of total BPA in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria ranged between < MDL-18.61 and <MDL-19.38 ng/mL, with medians of 1.03 ng/mL and 0.69 ng/mL and detection frequencies of 73% and 68%, respectively. The speciation analysis of BPA revealed a predominantly conjugated form in South African samples. In contrast, total BPA was detected in only one milk sample from Montreal. Total BPS levels were lower than BPA in South Africa, with detection frequencies of 57% and 21% in Vhembe and Pretoria, respectively. In contrast, total BPS was the major BP detected (42%) in Montreal (up to 4.42 ng/mL). BPAF was found exclusively in South Africa, with detection frequencies for total BPAF of 40% and 9% in Vhembe (<MDL-12.41 ng/mL) and Pretoria (<MDL-0.11 ng/mL), respectively. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to detect bisphenols in human milk from data-scarce countries such as South Africa and to highlight the notable disparities in the types and levels of bisphenols detected across two distinct countries (Canada and South Africa).
[Display omitted]
•9 bisphenols were quantified in 594 human milk samples from South Africa and Canada.•High levels of bisphenol A were detected in South African human milk.•A significant shift from BPA to BPS was observed in Canadian human milk.•Human milk biomonitoring programs are important particularly in data-poor countries.</description><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis</subject><subject>Biological Monitoring</subject><subject>Biomonitoring</subject><subject>bisphenol A</subject><subject>Bisphenols</subject><subject>breast milk</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Human milk</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry</subject><subject>milk</subject><subject>Milk, Human - chemistry</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>pollution</subject><subject>South Africa</subject><issn>0269-7491</issn><issn>1873-6424</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUhi0EokPhDRDysiwy9d3OBmk6Gi5SpQKFteXEduMhsQc7qeAxeGMypEWs6OpI1vf_R8cfAC8xWmOExfl-7eLtIfVrgghbY0IlRY_ACitJK8EIewxWiIi6kqzGJ-BZKXuEEKOUPgUnVDGuOGEr8OsipCHFMKYc4g1MHjahHDoXUw838Ozi4-Y1NNH-82qi6dPN5AoMEXbTYCIcQv8N-pwGeJ2msYMbn0Nr_uS2M24NnMqx3cAh2eCDs_DTtNt2u8_X0P0Ys2nHkOYaN3bJPgdPvOmLe3E3T8HXt7sv2_fV5dW7D9vNZdXSGo2VV7xRwghKJJPcWCUwwb4WSgrbWoU4oo2sMWXWMu-RVF7VDZGeUuEQF4SegrOl95DT9_mcUQ-htK7vTXRpKppiTrlAqBYPoqTmTEpFOJ9RtqBtTqVk5_Uhh8HknxojffSm93rxpo_e9OJtjr262zA1g7N_Q_eiZuDNArj5S26Dy7q0wcXW2ZBdO2qbwv83_AZo-qoz</recordid><startdate>20240501</startdate><enddate>20240501</enddate><creator>Chi, Zhi Hao</creator><creator>Liu, Lan</creator><creator>Zheng, Jingyun</creator><creator>Tian, Lei</creator><creator>Chevrier, Jonathan</creator><creator>Bornman, Riana</creator><creator>Obida, Muvhulawa</creator><creator>Goodyer, Cynthia Gates</creator><creator>Hales, Barbara F.</creator><creator>Bayen, Stéphane</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4158-3129</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-6685</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8230-2644</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240501</creationdate><title>Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method</title><author>Chi, Zhi Hao ; Liu, Lan ; Zheng, Jingyun ; Tian, Lei ; Chevrier, Jonathan ; Bornman, Riana ; Obida, Muvhulawa ; Goodyer, Cynthia Gates ; Hales, Barbara F. ; Bayen, Stéphane</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c390t-f85b86a6327475ad86121f96876dcd80503b79134dd4ff078f89b27f336e05623</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis</topic><topic>Biological Monitoring</topic><topic>Biomonitoring</topic><topic>bisphenol A</topic><topic>Bisphenols</topic><topic>breast milk</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>environmental monitoring</topic><topic>Human milk</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry</topic><topic>milk</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>pollution</topic><topic>South Africa</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chi, Zhi Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Lan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Jingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tian, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevrier, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bornman, Riana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obida, Muvhulawa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goodyer, Cynthia Gates</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hales, Barbara F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayen, Stéphane</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chi, Zhi Hao</au><au>Liu, Lan</au><au>Zheng, Jingyun</au><au>Tian, Lei</au><au>Chevrier, Jonathan</au><au>Bornman, Riana</au><au>Obida, Muvhulawa</au><au>Goodyer, Cynthia Gates</au><au>Hales, Barbara F.</au><au>Bayen, Stéphane</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method</atitle><jtitle>Environmental pollution (1987)</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Pollut</addtitle><date>2024-05-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>348</volume><spage>123730</spage><epage>123730</epage><pages>123730-123730</pages><artnum>123730</artnum><issn>0269-7491</issn><eissn>1873-6424</eissn><abstract>A sensitive modified QuEChERS extraction method was developed to assess the levels of free and conjugated bisphenols (BPs) in human milk collected between 2018 and 2019 from two regions of South Africa (the Limpopo Province Vhembe district, n = 194; Pretoria, n = 193) and Canada (Montreal, n = 207). Total BPA (free and conjugated) and BPS were the predominant bisphenols detected in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria, whereas total BPS was the predominant bisphenol detected in Montreal samples. The levels of total BPA in samples from Vhembe and Pretoria ranged between < MDL-18.61 and <MDL-19.38 ng/mL, with medians of 1.03 ng/mL and 0.69 ng/mL and detection frequencies of 73% and 68%, respectively. The speciation analysis of BPA revealed a predominantly conjugated form in South African samples. In contrast, total BPA was detected in only one milk sample from Montreal. Total BPS levels were lower than BPA in South Africa, with detection frequencies of 57% and 21% in Vhembe and Pretoria, respectively. In contrast, total BPS was the major BP detected (42%) in Montreal (up to 4.42 ng/mL). BPAF was found exclusively in South Africa, with detection frequencies for total BPAF of 40% and 9% in Vhembe (<MDL-12.41 ng/mL) and Pretoria (<MDL-0.11 ng/mL), respectively. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to detect bisphenols in human milk from data-scarce countries such as South Africa and to highlight the notable disparities in the types and levels of bisphenols detected across two distinct countries (Canada and South Africa).
[Display omitted]
•9 bisphenols were quantified in 594 human milk samples from South Africa and Canada.•High levels of bisphenol A were detected in South African human milk.•A significant shift from BPA to BPS was observed in Canadian human milk.•Human milk biomonitoring programs are important particularly in data-poor countries.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>38458524</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123730</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4158-3129</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9935-6685</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8230-2644</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0269-7491 |
| ispartof | Environmental pollution (1987), 2024-05, Vol.348, p.123730-123730, Article 123730 |
| issn | 0269-7491 1873-6424 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Benzhydryl Compounds - analysis Biological Monitoring Biomonitoring bisphenol A Bisphenols breast milk Canada environmental monitoring Human milk Humans Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry milk Milk, Human - chemistry Phenols pollution South Africa |
| title | Biomonitoring of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol analogues in human milk from South Africa and Canada using a modified QuEChERS extraction method |
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