Light Intensity: A Key Ecological Factor in Determining the Growth of Pseudolarix amabilis Seedlings
The notable absence of juvenile Pseudolarix amabilis trees in forest understories suggests their vulnerability to ecological niche competition, leading to limited survival prospects. This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five...
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| creator | Tong, Jie Ouyang, Dawei Wang, Ji Yan, Xueqin Fu, Rurao Chen, Fusheng Fang, Xiangmin Bu, Wensheng Lin, Xiaofan Li, Jianjun |
| description | The notable absence of juvenile Pseudolarix amabilis trees in forest understories suggests their vulnerability to ecological niche competition, leading to limited survival prospects. This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five ecological factors: light intensity, rainfall, groundwater level, soil type, and type of fertilization, on the growth of one-year-old P. amabilis seedlings. Our results demonstrate that increasing the light intensity promotes plant growth by augmenting the leaf count, leaf biomass, plant height, stem biomass, root biomass, and total biomass. Further analysis reveals that increased light intensity influences biomass allocation, reducing the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio, and favoring root and stem growth over leaf investment. Rainfall, groundwater level, fertilization type, and rhizosphere soil type primarily influence root growth by impacting the soil’s physicochemical properties. Specifically, rising groundwater levels lower the soil temperature and increase the soil moisture, total potassium content, and soil pH, leading to reductions in root biomass, plant height, net height increment, leaf number, and total biomass. When groundwater levels reach 21 cm and 28 cm, submerging the surface soil layer, root biomass decreases by 1.6 g/plant (−51.6%) and 2.3 g/plant (−74.2%), respectively. Further analysis reveals a gradual decrease in the root–shoot ratio above the 14 cm groundwater level, while the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio remains unaffected, indicating stronger belowground root stress compared to aboveground stem and leaf components. The results highlight light intensity as the key ecological factor determining the growth of P. amabilis seedlings. These findings underscore the importance of considering light intensity in the management of natural stands, the cultivation of artificial forests, and the nursery cultivation of endangered P. amabilis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/f15040684 |
| format | Article |
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This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five ecological factors: light intensity, rainfall, groundwater level, soil type, and type of fertilization, on the growth of one-year-old P. amabilis seedlings. Our results demonstrate that increasing the light intensity promotes plant growth by augmenting the leaf count, leaf biomass, plant height, stem biomass, root biomass, and total biomass. Further analysis reveals that increased light intensity influences biomass allocation, reducing the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio, and favoring root and stem growth over leaf investment. Rainfall, groundwater level, fertilization type, and rhizosphere soil type primarily influence root growth by impacting the soil’s physicochemical properties. Specifically, rising groundwater levels lower the soil temperature and increase the soil moisture, total potassium content, and soil pH, leading to reductions in root biomass, plant height, net height increment, leaf number, and total biomass. When groundwater levels reach 21 cm and 28 cm, submerging the surface soil layer, root biomass decreases by 1.6 g/plant (−51.6%) and 2.3 g/plant (−74.2%), respectively. Further analysis reveals a gradual decrease in the root–shoot ratio above the 14 cm groundwater level, while the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio remains unaffected, indicating stronger belowground root stress compared to aboveground stem and leaf components. The results highlight light intensity as the key ecological factor determining the growth of P. amabilis seedlings. These findings underscore the importance of considering light intensity in the management of natural stands, the cultivation of artificial forests, and the nursery cultivation of endangered P. amabilis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4907</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/f15040684</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Biomass ; Competition ; Cultivation ; Drought ; dry matter partitioning ; Ecological effects ; Ecological niches ; Environmental aspects ; environmental factors ; Fertilization ; Fertilizers ; Flowers & plants ; Forests ; Groundwater ; Groundwater levels ; Growth ; Influence ; juveniles ; Larch ; Leaf area ; Leaves ; Light ; Light intensity ; Luminous intensity ; Measurement ; niches ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Physicochemical properties ; Plant biomass ; Plant growth ; plant height ; Plants ; Plants (botany) ; Potassium ; Pseudolarix amabilis ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rhizosphere ; root growth ; root shoot ratio ; Seedlings ; Soil chemistry ; Soil layers ; Soil moisture ; Soil pH ; Soil properties ; Soil surfaces ; Soil temperature ; Soil types ; soil water ; specific leaf area ; stem elongation ; Stems ; Water shortages ; water table</subject><ispartof>Forests, 2024-04, Vol.15 (4), p.684</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c324t-9ef15cb163d3a7571adeff189388b42a685e76b04d46115f2c95f56737977bc83</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7677-0149</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27911,27912</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tong, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouyang, Dawei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Xueqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Rurao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Fusheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Xiangmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bu, Wensheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Xiaofan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jianjun</creatorcontrib><title>Light Intensity: A Key Ecological Factor in Determining the Growth of Pseudolarix amabilis Seedlings</title><title>Forests</title><description>The notable absence of juvenile Pseudolarix amabilis trees in forest understories suggests their vulnerability to ecological niche competition, leading to limited survival prospects. This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five ecological factors: light intensity, rainfall, groundwater level, soil type, and type of fertilization, on the growth of one-year-old P. amabilis seedlings. Our results demonstrate that increasing the light intensity promotes plant growth by augmenting the leaf count, leaf biomass, plant height, stem biomass, root biomass, and total biomass. Further analysis reveals that increased light intensity influences biomass allocation, reducing the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio, and favoring root and stem growth over leaf investment. Rainfall, groundwater level, fertilization type, and rhizosphere soil type primarily influence root growth by impacting the soil’s physicochemical properties. Specifically, rising groundwater levels lower the soil temperature and increase the soil moisture, total potassium content, and soil pH, leading to reductions in root biomass, plant height, net height increment, leaf number, and total biomass. When groundwater levels reach 21 cm and 28 cm, submerging the surface soil layer, root biomass decreases by 1.6 g/plant (−51.6%) and 2.3 g/plant (−74.2%), respectively. Further analysis reveals a gradual decrease in the root–shoot ratio above the 14 cm groundwater level, while the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio remains unaffected, indicating stronger belowground root stress compared to aboveground stem and leaf components. The results highlight light intensity as the key ecological factor determining the growth of P. amabilis seedlings. These findings underscore the importance of considering light intensity in the management of natural stands, the cultivation of artificial forests, and the nursery cultivation of endangered P. amabilis.</description><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Cultivation</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>dry matter partitioning</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecological niches</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>environmental factors</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Groundwater levels</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>juveniles</subject><subject>Larch</subject><subject>Leaf area</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Light intensity</subject><subject>Luminous 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Seedlings</atitle><jtitle>Forests</jtitle><date>2024-04-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>684</spage><pages>684-</pages><issn>1999-4907</issn><eissn>1999-4907</eissn><abstract>The notable absence of juvenile Pseudolarix amabilis trees in forest understories suggests their vulnerability to ecological niche competition, leading to limited survival prospects. This study examines the key factors limiting the growth of P. amabilis seedlings by investigating the effects of five ecological factors: light intensity, rainfall, groundwater level, soil type, and type of fertilization, on the growth of one-year-old P. amabilis seedlings. Our results demonstrate that increasing the light intensity promotes plant growth by augmenting the leaf count, leaf biomass, plant height, stem biomass, root biomass, and total biomass. Further analysis reveals that increased light intensity influences biomass allocation, reducing the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio, and favoring root and stem growth over leaf investment. Rainfall, groundwater level, fertilization type, and rhizosphere soil type primarily influence root growth by impacting the soil’s physicochemical properties. Specifically, rising groundwater levels lower the soil temperature and increase the soil moisture, total potassium content, and soil pH, leading to reductions in root biomass, plant height, net height increment, leaf number, and total biomass. When groundwater levels reach 21 cm and 28 cm, submerging the surface soil layer, root biomass decreases by 1.6 g/plant (−51.6%) and 2.3 g/plant (−74.2%), respectively. Further analysis reveals a gradual decrease in the root–shoot ratio above the 14 cm groundwater level, while the specific leaf area and leaf–stem biomass ratio remains unaffected, indicating stronger belowground root stress compared to aboveground stem and leaf components. The results highlight light intensity as the key ecological factor determining the growth of P. amabilis seedlings. These findings underscore the importance of considering light intensity in the management of natural stands, the cultivation of artificial forests, and the nursery cultivation of endangered P. amabilis.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><doi>10.3390/f15040684</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-0149</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| subjects | Biomass Competition Cultivation Drought dry matter partitioning Ecological effects Ecological niches Environmental aspects environmental factors Fertilization Fertilizers Flowers & plants Forests Groundwater Groundwater levels Growth Influence juveniles Larch Leaf area Leaves Light Light intensity Luminous intensity Measurement niches Nitrogen Nutrients Physicochemical properties Plant biomass Plant growth plant height Plants Plants (botany) Potassium Pseudolarix amabilis Rain Rainfall Rhizosphere root growth root shoot ratio Seedlings Soil chemistry Soil layers Soil moisture Soil pH Soil properties Soil surfaces Soil temperature Soil types soil water specific leaf area stem elongation Stems Water shortages water table |
| title | Light Intensity: A Key Ecological Factor in Determining the Growth of Pseudolarix amabilis Seedlings |
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