Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores
Summary Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants. Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The New phytologist 2024-05, Vol.242 (4), p.1771-1784 |
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| creator | Kokkoris, Vasilis Banchini, Claudia Paré, Louis Abdellatif, Lobna Séguin, Sylvie Hubbard, Keith Findlay, Wendy Dalpé, Yolande Dettman, Jeremy Corradi, Nicolas Stefani, Franck |
| description | Summary
Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.
Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.
The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.
Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/nph.19121 |
| format | Article |
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Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.
Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.
The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.
Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-646X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8137</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/nph.19121</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37434339</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Collections ; color ; Culture collections ; Fungi ; Gene sequencing ; genes ; glomalin ; glomalin gene ; Glomeromycota - genetics ; Glomeromycota - physiology ; Laminates ; Lamination ; Microscopy ; morphology ; morphs ; Mycorrhizae - genetics ; Mycorrhizae - physiology ; phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Phylogeny ; Reagents ; Rhizophagus irregularis ; ribotypes ; rRNA 45S ; Sequencing ; spore dimorphism ; spore wall layers ; Spores ; Spores, Fungal ; SSU‐ITS‐LSU rDNA region ; Symbionts ; Symbiosis ; Thickness ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae</subject><ispartof>The New phytologist, 2024-05, Vol.242 (4), p.1771-1784</ispartof><rights>2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of New Phytologist Foundation. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.</rights><rights>2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. New Phytologist published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of New Phytologist Foundation. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada.</rights><rights>2023. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4211-f39e0a19e09ee86ac6d029427af5447d35e1490777e76aaaefa23955c45426c63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4211-f39e0a19e09ee86ac6d029427af5447d35e1490777e76aaaefa23955c45426c63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1667-0493 ; 0000-0002-6025-2192 ; 0000-0002-4807-5197 ; 0000-0002-7932-7932 ; 0000-0001-8221-0770</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fnph.19121$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fnph.19121$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37434339$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kokkoris, Vasilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banchini, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paré, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdellatif, Lobna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Séguin, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Findlay, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalpé, Yolande</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dettman, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corradi, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefani, Franck</creatorcontrib><title>Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores</title><title>The New phytologist</title><addtitle>New Phytol</addtitle><description>Summary
Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.
Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.
The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.
Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.</description><subject>arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</subject><subject>Arbuscular mycorrhizas</subject><subject>Collections</subject><subject>color</subject><subject>Culture collections</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>glomalin</subject><subject>glomalin gene</subject><subject>Glomeromycota - genetics</subject><subject>Glomeromycota - physiology</subject><subject>Laminates</subject><subject>Lamination</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>morphology</subject><subject>morphs</subject><subject>Mycorrhizae - genetics</subject><subject>Mycorrhizae - physiology</subject><subject>phenotype</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Rhizophagus irregularis</subject><subject>ribotypes</subject><subject>rRNA 45S</subject><subject>Sequencing</subject><subject>spore dimorphism</subject><subject>spore wall layers</subject><subject>Spores</subject><subject>Spores, Fungal</subject><subject>SSU‐ITS‐LSU rDNA region</subject><subject>Symbionts</subject><subject>Symbiosis</subject><subject>Thickness</subject><subject>vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae</subject><issn>0028-646X</issn><issn>1469-8137</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1LHDEUhoNUdF174R8ogd4oOG6-M7kUaWtBVKSF3oVs5owzMjOZJg6y_nqz7uqFUBoOycV5zgMnL0JHlJzRfBbD2JxRQxndQTMqlClKyvUnNCOElYUS6s8-OkjpgRBipGJ7aJ9rwQXnZob8XdM-h7Fx91PCbYxwP3UutukUPzaA-1BBh-tpeO0O2MXllPyawP3KhxjzsMMRErjom1Nch9gnXLV9iGPTepzGkJuHaLd2XYLP23eOfn__9uvisri6-fHz4vyq8IJRWtTcAHE0XwagVM6rijAjmHa1FEJXXAIVhmitQSvnHNSOcSOlF1Iw5RWfo-ONd4zh7wTp0fZt8tB1boAwJcup5DIX-T_KSq5YdlOd0a8f0IcwxSEvYjkRohSlzH85RycbyseQUoTajrHtXVxZSuw6JJtDsq8hZfbL1jgte6jeybdUMrDYAE9tB6t_m-z17eVG-QJ-O5tJ</recordid><startdate>202405</startdate><enddate>202405</enddate><creator>Kokkoris, Vasilis</creator><creator>Banchini, Claudia</creator><creator>Paré, Louis</creator><creator>Abdellatif, Lobna</creator><creator>Séguin, Sylvie</creator><creator>Hubbard, Keith</creator><creator>Findlay, Wendy</creator><creator>Dalpé, Yolande</creator><creator>Dettman, Jeremy</creator><creator>Corradi, Nicolas</creator><creator>Stefani, Franck</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-2192</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-5197</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-7932</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-0770</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202405</creationdate><title>Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores</title><author>Kokkoris, Vasilis ; Banchini, Claudia ; Paré, Louis ; Abdellatif, Lobna ; Séguin, Sylvie ; Hubbard, Keith ; Findlay, Wendy ; Dalpé, Yolande ; Dettman, Jeremy ; Corradi, Nicolas ; Stefani, Franck</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4211-f39e0a19e09ee86ac6d029427af5447d35e1490777e76aaaefa23955c45426c63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</topic><topic>Arbuscular mycorrhizas</topic><topic>Collections</topic><topic>color</topic><topic>Culture collections</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>glomalin</topic><topic>glomalin gene</topic><topic>Glomeromycota - genetics</topic><topic>Glomeromycota - physiology</topic><topic>Laminates</topic><topic>Lamination</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>morphology</topic><topic>morphs</topic><topic>Mycorrhizae - genetics</topic><topic>Mycorrhizae - physiology</topic><topic>phenotype</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Rhizophagus irregularis</topic><topic>ribotypes</topic><topic>rRNA 45S</topic><topic>Sequencing</topic><topic>spore dimorphism</topic><topic>spore wall layers</topic><topic>Spores</topic><topic>Spores, Fungal</topic><topic>SSU‐ITS‐LSU rDNA region</topic><topic>Symbionts</topic><topic>Symbiosis</topic><topic>Thickness</topic><topic>vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kokkoris, Vasilis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Banchini, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paré, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdellatif, Lobna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Séguin, Sylvie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hubbard, Keith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Findlay, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dalpé, Yolande</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dettman, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corradi, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stefani, Franck</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>The New phytologist</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kokkoris, Vasilis</au><au>Banchini, Claudia</au><au>Paré, Louis</au><au>Abdellatif, Lobna</au><au>Séguin, Sylvie</au><au>Hubbard, Keith</au><au>Findlay, Wendy</au><au>Dalpé, Yolande</au><au>Dettman, Jeremy</au><au>Corradi, Nicolas</au><au>Stefani, Franck</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores</atitle><jtitle>The New phytologist</jtitle><addtitle>New Phytol</addtitle><date>2024-05</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>242</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1771</spage><epage>1784</epage><pages>1771-1784</pages><issn>0028-646X</issn><eissn>1469-8137</eissn><abstract>Summary
Rhizophagus irregularis is the model species for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) research and the most widely propagated species for commercial plant biostimulants.
Using asymbiotic and symbiotic cultivation systems initiated from single spores, advanced microscopy, Sanger sequencing of the glomalin gene, and PacBio sequencing of the partial 45S rRNA gene, we show that four strains of R. irregularis produce spores of two distinct morphotypes, one corresponding to the morphotype described in the R. irregularis protologue and the other having the phenotype of R. fasciculatus.
The two spore morphs are easily distinguished by spore colour, thickness of the subtending hypha, thickness of the second wall layer, lamination of the innermost layer, and the dextrinoid reaction of the two outer spore wall layers to Melzer's reagent. The glomalin gene of the two spore morphs is identical and that of the PacBio sequences of the partial SSU‐ITS‐LSU region (2780 bp) obtained from single spores of the R. cf fasciculatus morphotype has a median pairwise similarity of 99.8% (SD = 0.005%) to the rDNA ribotypes of R. irregularis DAOM 197198.
Based on these results, we conclude that the model AMF species R. irregularis is dimorphic, which has caused taxonomic confusion in culture collections and possibly in AMF research.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>37434339</pmid><doi>10.1111/nph.19121</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-0493</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6025-2192</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4807-5197</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-7932</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-0770</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Arbuscular mycorrhizas Collections color Culture collections Fungi Gene sequencing genes glomalin glomalin gene Glomeromycota - genetics Glomeromycota - physiology Laminates Lamination Microscopy morphology morphs Mycorrhizae - genetics Mycorrhizae - physiology phenotype Phenotypes Phylogeny Reagents Rhizophagus irregularis ribotypes rRNA 45S Sequencing spore dimorphism spore wall layers Spores Spores, Fungal SSU‐ITS‐LSU rDNA region Symbionts Symbiosis Thickness vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae |
| title | Rhizophagus irregularis, the model fungus in arbuscular mycorrhiza research, forms dimorphic spores |
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