Synthesis of a polyacrylamide hydrogel modified with a reactive carbamate surfactant: Characterization, swelling behavior, and mathematical models

Hydrogels are polymeric materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of water. They have various applications in agriculture, horticulture, oil recovery, and water management. However, conventional hydrogels have limited swelling (Q), equilibrium swelling (Q∞), and water retention capacities (...

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