Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance
Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. However, whether this strategy improves subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The objective of this s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2024-03, Vol.16 (7), p.932 |
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| creator | Quinones, Manuel D Weiman, Kyle Lemon, Peter W R |
| description | Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. However, whether this strategy improves subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ketone monoester (KME) followed by CHO ingestion after glycogen-lowering exercise on subsequent 20 km (TT
) and 5 km (TT
) best-effort time trials. Nine recreationally active men (175.6 ± 5.3 cm, 72.9 ± 7.7 kg, 28 ± 5 y, 12.2 ± 3.2% body fat, VO
max = 56.2 ± 5.8 mL· kg BM
·min
; mean ± SD) completed a glycogen-lowering exercise session, followed by 4 h of recovery and subsequent TT
and TT
. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either KME (25 g) followed by CHO at a rate of 1.2 g·kg
·h
(KME + CHO) or an iso-energetic placebo (dextrose) followed by CHO (PLAC + CHO). Blood metabolites during recovery and performance during the subsequent two-time trials were measured. In comparison to PLAC + CHO, KME + CHO displayed greater (
< 0.05) blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the first 2 h, lower (
< 0.05) blood glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min, as well as greater (
< 0.05) blood insulin concentration 2 h following ingestion. However, no treatment differences (
> 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs. PLAC + CHO. These data indicate that the metabolic changes induced by KME + CHO ingestion following glycogen-lowering exercise are insufficient to enhance subsequent endurance time trial performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu16070932 |
| format | Article |
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) and 5 km (TT
) best-effort time trials. Nine recreationally active men (175.6 ± 5.3 cm, 72.9 ± 7.7 kg, 28 ± 5 y, 12.2 ± 3.2% body fat, VO
max = 56.2 ± 5.8 mL· kg BM
·min
; mean ± SD) completed a glycogen-lowering exercise session, followed by 4 h of recovery and subsequent TT
and TT
. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either KME (25 g) followed by CHO at a rate of 1.2 g·kg
·h
(KME + CHO) or an iso-energetic placebo (dextrose) followed by CHO (PLAC + CHO). Blood metabolites during recovery and performance during the subsequent two-time trials were measured. In comparison to PLAC + CHO, KME + CHO displayed greater (
< 0.05) blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the first 2 h, lower (
< 0.05) blood glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min, as well as greater (
< 0.05) blood insulin concentration 2 h following ingestion. However, no treatment differences (
> 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs. PLAC + CHO. These data indicate that the metabolic changes induced by KME + CHO ingestion following glycogen-lowering exercise are insufficient to enhance subsequent endurance time trial performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu16070932</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38612966</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid ; athletic performance ; blood ; blood glucose ; Blood sugar ; body fat ; Diabetes ; Diabetes therapy ; Eating ; Exercise ; glucose ; Glycogen ; Humans ; ingestion ; Insulin ; Ketones ; Male ; Metabolites ; muscles ; Nutritional Status ; Physical fitness ; placebos ; Protein synthesis ; Proteins ; Type 2 diabetes ; Workloads</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2024-03, Vol.16 (7), p.932</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-b9084fa04c6c4fd2609df4fee189056a8666452c0166594d40f42776f1c7b4433</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2467-2309 ; 0000-0002-8252-0055 ; 0000-0002-0759-3035</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38612966$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Quinones, Manuel D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weiman, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemon, Peter W R</creatorcontrib><title>Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. However, whether this strategy improves subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ketone monoester (KME) followed by CHO ingestion after glycogen-lowering exercise on subsequent 20 km (TT
) and 5 km (TT
) best-effort time trials. Nine recreationally active men (175.6 ± 5.3 cm, 72.9 ± 7.7 kg, 28 ± 5 y, 12.2 ± 3.2% body fat, VO
max = 56.2 ± 5.8 mL· kg BM
·min
; mean ± SD) completed a glycogen-lowering exercise session, followed by 4 h of recovery and subsequent TT
and TT
. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either KME (25 g) followed by CHO at a rate of 1.2 g·kg
·h
(KME + CHO) or an iso-energetic placebo (dextrose) followed by CHO (PLAC + CHO). Blood metabolites during recovery and performance during the subsequent two-time trials were measured. In comparison to PLAC + CHO, KME + CHO displayed greater (
< 0.05) blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the first 2 h, lower (
< 0.05) blood glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min, as well as greater (
< 0.05) blood insulin concentration 2 h following ingestion. However, no treatment differences (
> 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs. PLAC + CHO. These data indicate that the metabolic changes induced by KME + CHO ingestion following glycogen-lowering exercise are insufficient to enhance subsequent endurance time trial performance.</description><subject>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid</subject><subject>athletic performance</subject><subject>blood</subject><subject>blood glucose</subject><subject>Blood sugar</subject><subject>body fat</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes therapy</subject><subject>Eating</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>glucose</subject><subject>Glycogen</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>ingestion</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Ketones</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>muscles</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>placebos</subject><subject>Protein synthesis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes</subject><subject>Workloads</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl9v1SAYxhvj4pZtN34AQ-KNMel8KRTay-XsbJ54_JM4rxtKX44sLUxo1X6Sfd1RN50aEyEBAr_3yQM8WfaUwgljNbxyExUgoWbFo-ygAFnkQnD2-Lf1fnYc4xUsTYIU7Em2zypBi1qIg-zmDY7eIXnrncc4YiDnvu_9N-xIO5OVCq3_PHdBjUg2bpcI6x1RZgEv-ln7Hbp8m_Bg3Y6sv2PQNiI5S1rknR_JZrgO_iuSj1Mb8cuEbiRr101BOY1kNeseyaUd0hCs6skHDMaHYTk8yvaM6iMe38-H2afz9eXqdb59f7FZnW5zzSmMeVtDxY0CroXmpisE1J3hBpFWNZRCVSK9QFlooEKUNe84GF5IKQzVsuWcscPsxZ1u8pn8xbEZbNTY98qhn2LDaMloVdSU_x8FVnFWVowm9Plf6JWfgksXWShZikpW8oHaqR4b64wfg9KLaHMqa4ACyh8OT_5Bpd7hYHX6O2PT_h8FL-8KdPAxBjTNdbCDCnNDoVky0zxkJsHP7p1O7YDdL_RnQtgt1Ie6NQ</recordid><startdate>20240323</startdate><enddate>20240323</enddate><creator>Quinones, Manuel D</creator><creator>Weiman, Kyle</creator><creator>Lemon, Peter W R</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-2309</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-0055</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-3035</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240323</creationdate><title>Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance</title><author>Quinones, Manuel D ; Weiman, Kyle ; Lemon, Peter W R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c410t-b9084fa04c6c4fd2609df4fee189056a8666452c0166594d40f42776f1c7b4433</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>3-Hydroxybutyric Acid</topic><topic>athletic performance</topic><topic>blood</topic><topic>blood glucose</topic><topic>Blood sugar</topic><topic>body fat</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes therapy</topic><topic>Eating</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>glucose</topic><topic>Glycogen</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>ingestion</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Ketones</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>muscles</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>placebos</topic><topic>Protein synthesis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Type 2 diabetes</topic><topic>Workloads</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Quinones, Manuel D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weiman, Kyle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemon, Peter W R</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Quinones, Manuel D</au><au>Weiman, Kyle</au><au>Lemon, Peter W R</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2024-03-23</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>932</spage><pages>932-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Relative to carbohydrate (CHO) alone, exogenous ketones followed by CHO supplementation during recovery from glycogen-lowering exercise have been shown to increase muscle glycogen resynthesis. However, whether this strategy improves subsequent exercise performance is unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ketone monoester (KME) followed by CHO ingestion after glycogen-lowering exercise on subsequent 20 km (TT
) and 5 km (TT
) best-effort time trials. Nine recreationally active men (175.6 ± 5.3 cm, 72.9 ± 7.7 kg, 28 ± 5 y, 12.2 ± 3.2% body fat, VO
max = 56.2 ± 5.8 mL· kg BM
·min
; mean ± SD) completed a glycogen-lowering exercise session, followed by 4 h of recovery and subsequent TT
and TT
. During the first 2 h of recovery, participants ingested either KME (25 g) followed by CHO at a rate of 1.2 g·kg
·h
(KME + CHO) or an iso-energetic placebo (dextrose) followed by CHO (PLAC + CHO). Blood metabolites during recovery and performance during the subsequent two-time trials were measured. In comparison to PLAC + CHO, KME + CHO displayed greater (
< 0.05) blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the first 2 h, lower (
< 0.05) blood glucose concentrations at 30 and 60 min, as well as greater (
< 0.05) blood insulin concentration 2 h following ingestion. However, no treatment differences (
> 0.05) in power output nor time to complete either time trial were observed vs. PLAC + CHO. These data indicate that the metabolic changes induced by KME + CHO ingestion following glycogen-lowering exercise are insufficient to enhance subsequent endurance time trial performance.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>38612966</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu16070932</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2467-2309</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-0055</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0759-3035</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; PubMed Central |
| subjects | 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid athletic performance blood blood glucose Blood sugar body fat Diabetes Diabetes therapy Eating Exercise glucose Glycogen Humans ingestion Insulin Ketones Male Metabolites muscles Nutritional Status Physical fitness placebos Protein synthesis Proteins Type 2 diabetes Workloads |
| title | Ketone Monoester Followed by Carbohydrate Ingestion after Glycogen-Lowering Exercise Does Not Improve Subsequent Endurance Cycle Time Trial Performance |
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