Manifestations of Head and Neck Cancer in Patients With Plummer-Vinson Syndrome: A Systematic Review

To investigate the clinical manifestations of head and neck cancer in patients with Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) and to assess related oral comorbidities. Case reports covering head and neck cancer manifestations in patients diagnosed with PVS were included Studies were identified through seven main electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, and LIVIVO), and a search for gray literature was performed using ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar. Independent reviewers applied predefined eligibility criteria in a two-phase selection process. Out of a total of 19,183 citations identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. Prevalent symptoms included dysphagia and esophageal webs, with atrophic glossitis and angular cheilitis being common oral manifestations. Most patients presented with long-standing iron deficiency anemia. Head and neck cancers predominantly affected the pharynx and tongue borders, with younger age groups notably affected. The overall risk of bias attributable to the quality of the reports was assessed as "low". Despite the rarity of PVS-related head and neck cancer, this review underscores its association, particularly in younger patients. A thorough examination of dysphagia and oral manifestations in PVS patients is crucial for early detection and prevention of head and neck cancer.