Words as social tools (WAT): A reprise

•Abstract concepts are grounded in sensorimotor and inner experiences.•Abstract concepts evoke linguistic and social experiences more than concrete concepts.•With abstract concepts, people feel uncertain and willing to interact with others.•Abstract concepts are highly variable across individuals, c...

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Veröffentlicht in:Physics of life reviews 2025-03, Vol.52, p.109-128
Hauptverfasser: Mazzuca, Claudia, Fini, Chiara, De Livio, Chiara, Falcinelli, Ilenia, Maggio, Fernando, Tummolini, Luca, Borghi, Anna M.
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container_end_page 128
container_issue
container_start_page 109
container_title Physics of life reviews
container_volume 52
creator Mazzuca, Claudia
Fini, Chiara
De Livio, Chiara
Falcinelli, Ilenia
Maggio, Fernando
Tummolini, Luca
Borghi, Anna M.
description •Abstract concepts are grounded in sensorimotor and inner experiences.•Abstract concepts evoke linguistic and social experiences more than concrete concepts.•With abstract concepts, people feel uncertain and willing to interact with others.•Abstract concepts are highly variable across individuals, cultures, and languages.•The WAT view blends insights from embodied and distributional semantics views. The paper presents new evidence collected in the last five years supporting the Words As social Tools proposal on abstract concepts. We discuss findings revolving around three central tenets. First, we show that—like concrete concepts—also abstract concepts evoke sensorimotor experiences, even if to a lower extent, and that they are linked to inner experiences (e.g., interoceptive, proprioceptive, and metacognitive). Second, we present findings suggesting that linguistic and social interaction are crucial for acquiring and using abstract concepts. Specifically, rating and behavioral studies reveal that people tend to feel uncertain about the meaning of abstract concepts. On top of that, with abstract concepts, people rely more on others to ask for information, negotiate conceptual meaning, or outsource their knowledge. We propose that inner speech might contribute both to the monitoring process and the preparation to interact with others. Finally, we illustrate recent studies conducted in our lab highlighting abstract concepts variability across individuals (age, expertise), cultures, and languages.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.12.011
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subjects Abstract concepts
Conceptual variability
Inner speech
Knowledge outsourcing
Metacognition
Social interaction
Uncertainty
title Words as social tools (WAT): A reprise
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