Performance and emissions of bus engine using blends of diesel fuel with bio-diesel of sunflower or cottonseed oils derived from Greek feedstock

An experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the use of sunflower and cottonseed oil methyl esters (bio-diesels) of Greek origin as supplements in the diesel fuel at blend ratios of 10/90 and 20/80, in a fully instrumented, six-cylinder, turbocharged and after-cooled, direct injection (DI), Mercedes-Benz, mini-bus diesel engine installed at the authors’ laboratory. The tests are conducted using each of the above fuel blends, with the engine working at two speeds and three loads. Fuel consumption, exhaust smokiness and exhaust regulated gas emissions such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and total unburned hydrocarbons are measured. The differences in the measured performance and exhaust emissions from the baseline operation of the engine, i.e., when working with neat diesel fuel, and the two bio-diesels are determined and compared. Theoretical aspects of diesel engine combustion with the differing physical and chemical properties of these blends, aid the correct interpretation of the observed engine behavior.