The impact of blood lipids and statins on renal function and mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis

The aim of this study is to explore the impact of blood lipids and statins on renal function and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched until April 9, 2024, for relevant studies of blood lipids and statins on renal function and all-cause mortality in patients with DN. After the selection, total cholesterol levels (TC), total triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), serum creati-nine (SCR), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and all-cause mortality indexes were extracted for finally meta-analysis. In total, 25 papers containing 21,411 patients with DN were finally included in this study. Levels of TC and LDL-C, which are continuous variables, were higher in DN patients who developed ESRD [TC/weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.517, 95 % confidence interval (CI): (0.223, 0.812), 0.001; LDL-C/WMD = 0.449, 95%CI: (0.200, 0.698), < 0.001]. In addition, this study also observed that statins may reduce UAE levels [WMD = -46.814, 95% CI: (-71.767, -21.861), < 0.001]. Finally, the survey indicated that statins may be associated with an ESRD reduction [HR = 0.884, 95% CI: (0.784, 0.998), = 0.045]. Blood lipids, particularly TC and LDL-C, may slow the progression of DN to ESRD. Besides, statins may protect the kidneys by lowering the excretion of UAE levels and reducing the risk of ESRD. Based on the above outcomes, the findings of this study provided robust evidence-based medical support for the future prevention, surveillance, and management of DN.