Gender issues in myopia: a changing paradigm in generations
Myopia is becoming an important cause of visual impairment. Determining risk profiles will help to develop targeted prevention strategies. This study aims to explore the difference in myopia development between genders in two cohorts representing different generations, and to assess whether hypothet...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European journal of epidemiology 2024-12, Vol.39 (12), p.1315-1324 |
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| creator | Enthoven, Clair A. Haarman, Annechien E. G. Swierkowska-Janc, Joanna Tideman, J. Willem L. Polling, Jan Roelof Raat, Hein Verhoeven, Virginie J.M. Labrecque, Jeremy Klaver, Caroline C. W. |
| description | Myopia is becoming an important cause of visual impairment. Determining risk profiles will help to develop targeted prevention strategies. This study aims to explore the difference in myopia development between genders in two cohorts representing different generations, and to assess whether hypothetical interventions targeting education or lifestyle factors would reduce a gender gap. This study included two Dutch population-based cohorts; 11,109 adults aged ≥ 45 years from the Rotterdam Study I-III born between 1887 and 1960, and 7229 children from the birth cohort Generation R study born between 2002 and 2006 at age 9–13 years. Sequential G-estimation was used to estimate changes in gender-specific myopia prevalence, incidence and spherical equivalent if hypothetical interventions such as education and lifestyle changes would have been implemented. Myopia prevalence was 32.3% in men and 29.3% in women in the generation born between 1887 and 1960 (0.23 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10654-024-01163-z |
| format | Article |
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p
< 0.001); while this prevalence was 20.2% in boys and 24.7% in girls born between 2002 and 2006 at age 13 (0.15 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
p
= 0.02). In the older generation, hypothetically intervening to lower education reduced the difference between genders by -52.4% (-108.0%; -13.2%) for spherical equivalent and − 53.0% (-112.0%; -11.6%) for myopia. In children, hypothetically intervening on reducing reading time (-50.0%, 95%CI=-267.5%; 33.8% for spherical equivalent) and number of books read/week (-76.8%, 95% CI=-349.9%; 20.2% for spherical equivalent) was most prominent, but not statistically significant. The results show that men had a higher prevalence of myopia in our study of older generations; while girls had a higher prevalence in the young generation. Our hypothetical interventions suggest that these generation-specific gender preponderances were largely due to education and, possibly, lifestyle factors in youth.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0393-2990</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1573-7284</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7284</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01163-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39661099</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age determination ; Aged ; Cardiology ; Child ; Children ; Cohort Studies ; Education ; Educational Status ; Epidemiology ; Equivalence ; Essay ; Female ; Gender ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Girls ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infectious Diseases ; Intervention ; Life Style ; Lifestyles ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Myopia ; Myopia - epidemiology ; Netherlands - epidemiology ; Oncology ; Population studies ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Sex Factors ; Statistical analysis ; Visual aspects ; Youth</subject><ispartof>European journal of epidemiology, 2024-12, Vol.39 (12), p.1315-1324</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2024 Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. Springer Nature B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Dec 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-7c09d57a34984ce60efdc5646cd1fa4b8287a469f4203260448c68c9d4ffd2243</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0812-8765 ; 0000-0002-2355-5258 ; 0000-0002-1028-2158 ; 0000-0002-6281-6908 ; 0000-0002-6000-7445 ; 0000-0002-1452-5700 ; 0000-0002-3042-8783 ; 0000-0001-7359-7862 ; 0000-0001-7688-5667</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10654-024-01163-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10654-024-01163-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51297</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39661099$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Enthoven, Clair A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haarman, Annechien E. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swierkowska-Janc, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tideman, J. Willem L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polling, Jan Roelof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raat, Hein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhoeven, Virginie J.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labrecque, Jeremy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klaver, Caroline C. W.</creatorcontrib><title>Gender issues in myopia: a changing paradigm in generations</title><title>European journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Eur J Epidemiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Myopia is becoming an important cause of visual impairment. Determining risk profiles will help to develop targeted prevention strategies. This study aims to explore the difference in myopia development between genders in two cohorts representing different generations, and to assess whether hypothetical interventions targeting education or lifestyle factors would reduce a gender gap. This study included two Dutch population-based cohorts; 11,109 adults aged ≥ 45 years from the Rotterdam Study I-III born between 1887 and 1960, and 7229 children from the birth cohort Generation R study born between 2002 and 2006 at age 9–13 years. Sequential G-estimation was used to estimate changes in gender-specific myopia prevalence, incidence and spherical equivalent if hypothetical interventions such as education and lifestyle changes would have been implemented. Myopia prevalence was 32.3% in men and 29.3% in women in the generation born between 1887 and 1960 (0.23 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
p
< 0.001); while this prevalence was 20.2% in boys and 24.7% in girls born between 2002 and 2006 at age 13 (0.15 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
p
= 0.02). In the older generation, hypothetically intervening to lower education reduced the difference between genders by -52.4% (-108.0%; -13.2%) for spherical equivalent and − 53.0% (-112.0%; -11.6%) for myopia. In children, hypothetically intervening on reducing reading time (-50.0%, 95%CI=-267.5%; 33.8% for spherical equivalent) and number of books read/week (-76.8%, 95% CI=-349.9%; 20.2% for spherical equivalent) was most prominent, but not statistically significant. The results show that men had a higher prevalence of myopia in our study of older generations; while girls had a higher prevalence in the young generation. 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G.</au><au>Swierkowska-Janc, Joanna</au><au>Tideman, J. Willem L.</au><au>Polling, Jan Roelof</au><au>Raat, Hein</au><au>Verhoeven, Virginie J.M.</au><au>Labrecque, Jeremy</au><au>Klaver, Caroline C. W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gender issues in myopia: a changing paradigm in generations</atitle><jtitle>European journal of epidemiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur J Epidemiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur J Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2024-12</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1315</spage><epage>1324</epage><pages>1315-1324</pages><issn>0393-2990</issn><issn>1573-7284</issn><eissn>1573-7284</eissn><abstract>Myopia is becoming an important cause of visual impairment. Determining risk profiles will help to develop targeted prevention strategies. This study aims to explore the difference in myopia development between genders in two cohorts representing different generations, and to assess whether hypothetical interventions targeting education or lifestyle factors would reduce a gender gap. This study included two Dutch population-based cohorts; 11,109 adults aged ≥ 45 years from the Rotterdam Study I-III born between 1887 and 1960, and 7229 children from the birth cohort Generation R study born between 2002 and 2006 at age 9–13 years. Sequential G-estimation was used to estimate changes in gender-specific myopia prevalence, incidence and spherical equivalent if hypothetical interventions such as education and lifestyle changes would have been implemented. Myopia prevalence was 32.3% in men and 29.3% in women in the generation born between 1887 and 1960 (0.23 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
p
< 0.001); while this prevalence was 20.2% in boys and 24.7% in girls born between 2002 and 2006 at age 13 (0.15 dioptre difference in spherical equivalent;
p
= 0.02). In the older generation, hypothetically intervening to lower education reduced the difference between genders by -52.4% (-108.0%; -13.2%) for spherical equivalent and − 53.0% (-112.0%; -11.6%) for myopia. In children, hypothetically intervening on reducing reading time (-50.0%, 95%CI=-267.5%; 33.8% for spherical equivalent) and number of books read/week (-76.8%, 95% CI=-349.9%; 20.2% for spherical equivalent) was most prominent, but not statistically significant. The results show that men had a higher prevalence of myopia in our study of older generations; while girls had a higher prevalence in the young generation. Our hypothetical interventions suggest that these generation-specific gender preponderances were largely due to education and, possibly, lifestyle factors in youth.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>39661099</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10654-024-01163-z</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0812-8765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-5258</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-2158</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-6908</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-7445</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-5700</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-8783</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-7862</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7688-5667</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age determination Aged Cardiology Child Children Cohort Studies Education Educational Status Epidemiology Equivalence Essay Female Gender Gender aspects Gender differences Girls Humans Incidence Infectious Diseases Intervention Life Style Lifestyles Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Men Middle Aged Myopia Myopia - epidemiology Netherlands - epidemiology Oncology Population studies Prevalence Public Health Risk Factors Sex Distribution Sex Factors Statistical analysis Visual aspects Youth |
| title | Gender issues in myopia: a changing paradigm in generations |
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