Precise and panoramic study on the nutritional components of specific milk of goats and sheep

This study analyzed human, goat, sheep, and pig milks using metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, specifically untargeted LC-MS/MS metabolomics, untargeted LC-MS/MS lipidomics, and 4D-label-free proteomics. The aim was to determine differences among these milks and identify components with similar functions to human milk, providing a reference for the research and development of infant formulae. In goat milk, expression of lactoperoxidase, inosine, and allantoin were relatively high, while in sheep milk, concentrations of ceruloplasmin and alpha-ketoglutarate were higher. The content of linoleic acid (LA) was relatively high in both goat and sheep milks. A relatively high content of milk fat globule EGF factor 8 protein was found in pig milk. •Alpha-ketoglutarate was present in LCG milk.•Content of medium and short chain fatty acids was high in goat and sheep milks.•Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 protein was expressed in YXP milk.•Echinocystic acid and ceruloplasmin were relatively high in OAS milk.•Lactoperoxidase was present in SNG milk.