A combinational threat of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) as potential emerging vectors for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to human health
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent in ecosystems due to their exceptional properties and widespread use, profoundly affecting both human health and ecosystem. Upon entering the environment, MNPs and PFAS undergo various transformations, such...
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| description | Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are prevalent in ecosystems due to their exceptional properties and widespread use, profoundly affecting both human health and ecosystem. Upon entering the environment, MNPs and PFAS undergo various transformations, such as weathering, transport, and accumulation, potentially altering their characteristics and structural dynamics. Their interactions, governed by factors like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, Van der Waals forces, electrostatic attractions, and environmental conditions, can amplify or mitigate their toxicity toward human health within ecological conditions. Several studies demonstrate the in vivo effects of PFAS and MNPs, encompassing growth and reproductive impairments, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity, immunological responses, behavioral changes, modifications in gut microbiota, and histopathological alterations. Moreover, in vitro investigations highlight impacts on cellular uptake, affecting survival, proliferation, membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant responses. This review combines knowledge on the co-existence and adsorption of PFAS and MNPs in the environment, defining their combined in vivo and in vitro impacts. It provides evidence of potential human health implications. While significant research originates from China, Europe, and the USA, studies from other regions are limited. Only freshwater and marine organisms and their impacts are extensively studied in comparison to terrestrial organisms and humans. Nonetheless, detailed investigations are lacking regarding their fate, combined environmental exposure, mode of action, and implications in human health studies. Ongoing research is imperative to comprehensively understand environmental exposures and interaction mechanisms, addressing the need to elucidate these aspects thoroughly. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-024-13292-9 |
| format | Article |
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Upon entering the environment, MNPs and PFAS undergo various transformations, such as weathering, transport, and accumulation, potentially altering their characteristics and structural dynamics. Their interactions, governed by factors like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, Van der Waals forces, electrostatic attractions, and environmental conditions, can amplify or mitigate their toxicity toward human health within ecological conditions. Several studies demonstrate the in vivo effects of PFAS and MNPs, encompassing growth and reproductive impairments, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, apoptosis, DNA damage, genotoxicity, immunological responses, behavioral changes, modifications in gut microbiota, and histopathological alterations. Moreover, in vitro investigations highlight impacts on cellular uptake, affecting survival, proliferation, membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant responses. 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| subjects | Animals Apoptosis Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biocompatibility Cell survival DNA damage Dynamic structural analysis Earth and Environmental Science Ecological conditions Ecological effects Ecology Ecotoxicology Electrostatic properties Environment Environmental conditions Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - toxicity Fluorocarbons Freshwater Freshwater organisms Genotoxicity Histopathology Humans Hydrogen bonding Hydrophobicity Immunology In vivo methods and tests Inland water environment Intestinal microflora Marine organisms Microbial flora Mode of action Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Nanoparticles - toxicity Neurotoxicity Oxidative stress Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances Perfluorochemicals Plastics Reactive oxygen species Review Structural dynamics Van der Waals forces Vectors Weathering |
| title | A combinational threat of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) as potential emerging vectors for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to human health |
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