Correlation between lithium concentrations in drinking water and suicide attempt in the southeast of Iran
Suicide, as an avoidable cause of death in public health systems, currently lacks effective global strategies to prevent it. However, several epidemiological studies found a correlation between the concentration of lithium (Li) in drinking water and lower suicide rates in the general population. Our...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental monitoring and assessment 2024-11, Vol.196 (11), p.1144, Article 1144 |
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| creator | Harandi, Hamidreza Ahmadinia, Hassan Ghaffarian-Bahraman, Ali Alimoradi, Houman Nasab, Zoheira Bagheri Rezaeian, Mohsen |
| description | Suicide, as an avoidable cause of death in public health systems, currently lacks effective global strategies to prevent it. However, several epidemiological studies found a correlation between the concentration of lithium (Li) in drinking water and lower suicide rates in the general population. Our ecological study investigated this hypothesis in the Rafsanjan district of Iran. Samples from the public water supply in 16 areas in the district were analyzed using the graphite furnace atomic absorption. The resulting data were examined in relation to the suicide attempt from March 2019 to March 2020 obtained from Iran's Ministry of Health's registration system. During that period, 239 suicide attempts were recorded, resulting in an average of 69 individuals (85 women and 54 men) per 100,000 residents of the area. The average Li concentration in the drinking water was 47.30 µg/L (ranging from 9.4 to 141 µg/L). A negative significant correlation (r = -0.551,
p
= 0.027) between Li concentration in water and the rate of suicide attempt were observed in the studied population. Notably, these findings indicate an inverse significant relationship between Li levels and suicide attempt rate in women (r = -0.725,
p
= 0.001). This is the first study in Iran that examines the relationship between Li levels in drinking water and suicide attempt rate. The findings of this study support an inverse relationship between the level of Li in public drinking water and the rate of women suicide attempt. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10661-024-13325-3 |
| format | Article |
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p
= 0.027) between Li concentration in water and the rate of suicide attempt were observed in the studied population. Notably, these findings indicate an inverse significant relationship between Li levels and suicide attempt rate in women (r = -0.725,
p
= 0.001). This is the first study in Iran that examines the relationship between Li levels in drinking water and suicide attempt rate. The findings of this study support an inverse relationship between the level of Li in public drinking water and the rate of women suicide attempt.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6369</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2959</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13325-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39480571</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Correlation ; Drinking behavior ; Drinking water ; Drinking Water - chemistry ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecological studies ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Iran ; Lithium ; Lithium - analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; Population studies ; Public health ; Public waters ; Spectral analysis ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data ; Suicides & suicide attempts ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water supply ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2024-11, Vol.196 (11), p.1144, Article 1144</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-530c6b00bf81a52ab46dd0a20ea815e927e5194de0f7bae12a407151766723163</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9937-4229 ; 0000-0002-5312-6227 ; 0000-0002-7010-1726 ; 0000-0003-3070-0166</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-024-13325-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10661-024-13325-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39480571$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Harandi, Hamidreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmadinia, Hassan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghaffarian-Bahraman, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alimoradi, Houman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nasab, Zoheira Bagheri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rezaeian, Mohsen</creatorcontrib><title>Correlation between lithium concentrations in drinking water and suicide attempt in the southeast of Iran</title><title>Environmental monitoring and assessment</title><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Monit Assess</addtitle><description>Suicide, as an avoidable cause of death in public health systems, currently lacks effective global strategies to prevent it. However, several epidemiological studies found a correlation between the concentration of lithium (Li) in drinking water and lower suicide rates in the general population. Our ecological study investigated this hypothesis in the Rafsanjan district of Iran. Samples from the public water supply in 16 areas in the district were analyzed using the graphite furnace atomic absorption. The resulting data were examined in relation to the suicide attempt from March 2019 to March 2020 obtained from Iran's Ministry of Health's registration system. During that period, 239 suicide attempts were recorded, resulting in an average of 69 individuals (85 women and 54 men) per 100,000 residents of the area. The average Li concentration in the drinking water was 47.30 µg/L (ranging from 9.4 to 141 µg/L). A negative significant correlation (r = -0.551,
p
= 0.027) between Li concentration in water and the rate of suicide attempt were observed in the studied population. Notably, these findings indicate an inverse significant relationship between Li levels and suicide attempt rate in women (r = -0.725,
p
= 0.001). This is the first study in Iran that examines the relationship between Li levels in drinking water and suicide attempt rate. The findings of this study support an inverse relationship between the level of Li in public drinking water and the rate of women suicide attempt.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Drinking behavior</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecological studies</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iran</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Lithium - analysis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public waters</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Suicide</subject><subject>Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Suicides & suicide attempts</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0167-6369</issn><issn>1573-2959</issn><issn>1573-2959</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90UFPHSEQB3Bi2tSn9gt4aEh68bJ2gAUex-alVRMTL3om7O6sYnfhFdgYv315Pm2THjzNYX7zh8wQcsrgnAHob5mBUqwB3jZMCC4bcUBWTGrRcCPNB7ICpnSjhDKH5CjnRwAwujWfyKEw7RqkZiviNzElnFzxMdAOyxNioJMvD36ZaR9Dj6Gkl26mPtAh-fDLh3v65Aom6sJA8-J7PyB1peC8LTtVHpDmuNTicqFxpFfJhRPycXRTxs-v9Zjc_fxxu7lsrm8urjbfr5ueS1UaKaBXHUA3rpmT3HWtGgZwHNCtmUTDNUpm2gFh1J1Dxl0LmkmmldJcMCWOydk-d5vi7wVzsbPPPU6TCxiXbAXjAnYUKv36H32MSwr1dzvFTd2sWVfF96pPMeeEo90mP7v0bBnY3SHs_hC2cvtyCCvq0JfX6KWbcfg78rb5CsQe5NoK95j-vf1O7B8ZLZNY</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Harandi, Hamidreza</creator><creator>Ahmadinia, Hassan</creator><creator>Ghaffarian-Bahraman, Ali</creator><creator>Alimoradi, Houman</creator><creator>Nasab, Zoheira Bagheri</creator><creator>Rezaeian, Mohsen</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-4229</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6227</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-1726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-0166</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Correlation between lithium concentrations in drinking water and suicide attempt in the southeast of Iran</title><author>Harandi, Hamidreza ; 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However, several epidemiological studies found a correlation between the concentration of lithium (Li) in drinking water and lower suicide rates in the general population. Our ecological study investigated this hypothesis in the Rafsanjan district of Iran. Samples from the public water supply in 16 areas in the district were analyzed using the graphite furnace atomic absorption. The resulting data were examined in relation to the suicide attempt from March 2019 to March 2020 obtained from Iran's Ministry of Health's registration system. During that period, 239 suicide attempts were recorded, resulting in an average of 69 individuals (85 women and 54 men) per 100,000 residents of the area. The average Li concentration in the drinking water was 47.30 µg/L (ranging from 9.4 to 141 µg/L). A negative significant correlation (r = -0.551,
p
= 0.027) between Li concentration in water and the rate of suicide attempt were observed in the studied population. Notably, these findings indicate an inverse significant relationship between Li levels and suicide attempt rate in women (r = -0.725,
p
= 0.001). This is the first study in Iran that examines the relationship between Li levels in drinking water and suicide attempt rate. The findings of this study support an inverse relationship between the level of Li in public drinking water and the rate of women suicide attempt.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>39480571</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10661-024-13325-3</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9937-4229</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-6227</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-1726</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-0166</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Correlation Drinking behavior Drinking water Drinking Water - chemistry Earth and Environmental Science Ecological studies Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Epidemiology Female Humans Iran Lithium Lithium - analysis Male Middle Aged Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Population studies Public health Public waters Spectral analysis Suicide Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data Suicides & suicide attempts Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water supply Young Adult |
| title | Correlation between lithium concentrations in drinking water and suicide attempt in the southeast of Iran |
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