Recurrence of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and De Novo Cholangiocarcinoma After Liver Transplantation: Results From the Brazilian Cholestasis Consortium

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been shown to recur after liver transplantation (LT). Some studies have identified certain clinical and laboratory variables associated with an increased risk for recurrent PSC (rPSC) in Caucasians. Furthermore, de novo cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been reported anecdotally in patients with rPSC. This study aims to assess the prevalence of rPSC, identify its associated risk factors, and investigate the occurrence of de novo CCA in a highly admixed population from Brazil. Methods All patients submitted to LT for PSC enrolled in the Brazilian Cholestasis Study Group database were retrospectively reviewed for the occurrence of rPSC and de novo CCA. Results Ninety‐six (58 males, mean age 32 ± 13 years) patients with PSC underwent LT. After 90 (39–154) months of follow‐up (FU), rPSC was observed in 29 (30%) subjects. There were no significant associations between rPSC and age, gender, concurrent or de novo inflammatory bowel disease, MELD score at the time of LT or allograft rejection. The only factor associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence was time after LT. Although survival was decreased in patients who developed rPSC, this difference was not significant. Only one female patient developed de novo CCA after rPSC, 11 years after LT. Conclusions Recurrent PSC was observed in one‐third of PSC LT patients in Brazil and was associated with longer time after LT. Despite its frequency, rPSC was not associated with a higher risk of graft loss or a significant reduction in posttransplant survival.