Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Background In ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated to ' Grudhrasi' under Vata Nanatmaja-Vyadhi (neurological disorders caused by Vata, one of the bodily humour). In this mainly bodily humours vata and kapha are vitiating producing symptoms like piercing pain, stiffness, twitching, numbness...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:F1000 research 2024, Vol.13, p.9
Hauptverfasser: Rai, Mayank, Misar, Sadhana, Gamne, Reeya
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue
container_start_page 9
container_title F1000 research
container_volume 13
creator Rai, Mayank
Misar, Sadhana
Gamne, Reeya
description Background In ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated to ' Grudhrasi' under Vata Nanatmaja-Vyadhi (neurological disorders caused by Vata, one of the bodily humour). In this mainly bodily humours vata and kapha are vitiating producing symptoms like piercing pain, stiffness, twitching, numbness and pain radiating from lumbosacral region to lower limb up to the foot. Therapeutic plan includes stabilizing and bringing back the vitiated vata and kapha humours to equilibrium. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Aim Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti (oil pooling therapy) in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). Objectives To assess the efficacy of Rasonapinda as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To assess the efficacy of Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To compare the efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters. Standardisation of Rasonapinda (modified formvati). Methods In this study, a total of 60 patients will be enrolled and divided equally into two groups. In group A, Trayodashang Guggul 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water for 30 days adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given. In group B, Rasonapinda 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given for 30 days. Result The result will be assessed on baseline of subjective and objective parameters and data will be compared after treatment. Conclusions It will be based on observations and results obtained. Trial registration CTRI No. - CTRI/2022/12/048534 Dated - 27/12/2022.
doi_str_mv 10.12688/f1000research.139568.3
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3118837090</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3118837090</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2333-16d5f31b2dca68388d4f1a69446ac74965f938c96aafa2fb7004efa1ccb3ff543</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkstuEzEUhkcIRKvSV4AjsSmLBF8mzrhdVREERCUQlBVCoxOPnTiasVN7PFV4Gp6F9-EdcJJy3bDyv_jO52PrL4onlIwpE1X13FBCSNBRY1CrMeVyIqoxv1ccM1KKES0Ju_9HPipOY1znCSIlF2z6sDjismRSlPS4-D7z3QYD9nbQoAdsU47egTegjbEK1XaXrwNufYNxhW4J87RcphYGHWKK8B6jdwjvrGsQMAI6wGadBnQ93Np-BW-ycYGxt2Ad9CsNHTpc6k5nIKvnITWrgNHC2QdlM6vw2fm3r3AJAV3jO_tFN6C864Nv2xz7YLGFT7vbd4vyC9hoHSDowerbc2CAm03wQyb3t---KQz7R8XPj4oHBtuoT-_Ok-LjyxfXs1ejq7fz17PLq5FinPMRFc3EcLpgjUJR8apqSkNRyLIUqKalFBMjeaWkQDTIzGJKSKkNUqUW3JhJyU-Ks4M3b3KTdOzrzkal2xad9inWnNKq4lMiSUaf_oOufQoub5cpxmTFKi4yNT1QKvgYgzb1JtgOw7ampN6Xov6rFPWhFDXPk4_v_GnR6ebX3M8KZODiABhUqe23O0392_Mf_Q-j3c2S</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3122982836</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Rai, Mayank ; Misar, Sadhana ; Gamne, Reeya</creator><creatorcontrib>Rai, Mayank ; Misar, Sadhana ; Gamne, Reeya</creatorcontrib><description>Background In ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated to ' Grudhrasi' under Vata Nanatmaja-Vyadhi (neurological disorders caused by Vata, one of the bodily humour). In this mainly bodily humours vata and kapha are vitiating producing symptoms like piercing pain, stiffness, twitching, numbness and pain radiating from lumbosacral region to lower limb up to the foot. Therapeutic plan includes stabilizing and bringing back the vitiated vata and kapha humours to equilibrium. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Aim Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti (oil pooling therapy) in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). Objectives To assess the efficacy of Rasonapinda as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To assess the efficacy of Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To compare the efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters. Standardisation of Rasonapinda (modified formvati). Methods In this study, a total of 60 patients will be enrolled and divided equally into two groups. In group A, Trayodashang Guggul 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water for 30 days adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given. In group B, Rasonapinda 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given for 30 days. Result The result will be assessed on baseline of subjective and objective parameters and data will be compared after treatment. Conclusions It will be based on observations and results obtained. Trial registration CTRI No. - CTRI/2022/12/048534 Dated - 27/12/2022.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2046-1402</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2046-1402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.139568.3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39429641</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Faculty of 1000 Ltd</publisher><subject>Adjuvants ; Adult ; Analgesics ; Ayurvedic medicine ; Commiphora ; Committees ; Female ; Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948) ; Humans ; Informed consent ; Ingredients ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine, Ayurvedic ; Middle Aged ; Neurological diseases ; Pain ; Pathogenesis ; Patients ; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use ; Plant Gums - therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis ; Twitching</subject><ispartof>F1000 research, 2024, Vol.13, p.9</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Rai M et al.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2024 Rai M et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2333-16d5f31b2dca68388d4f1a69446ac74965f938c96aafa2fb7004efa1ccb3ff543</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0165-0171 ; 0000-0002-8960-2977 ; 0000-0002-2519-5620</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39429641$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rai, Mayank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misar, Sadhana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamne, Reeya</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]</title><title>F1000 research</title><addtitle>F1000Res</addtitle><description>Background In ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated to ' Grudhrasi' under Vata Nanatmaja-Vyadhi (neurological disorders caused by Vata, one of the bodily humour). In this mainly bodily humours vata and kapha are vitiating producing symptoms like piercing pain, stiffness, twitching, numbness and pain radiating from lumbosacral region to lower limb up to the foot. Therapeutic plan includes stabilizing and bringing back the vitiated vata and kapha humours to equilibrium. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Aim Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti (oil pooling therapy) in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). Objectives To assess the efficacy of Rasonapinda as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To assess the efficacy of Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To compare the efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters. Standardisation of Rasonapinda (modified formvati). Methods In this study, a total of 60 patients will be enrolled and divided equally into two groups. In group A, Trayodashang Guggul 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water for 30 days adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given. In group B, Rasonapinda 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given for 30 days. Result The result will be assessed on baseline of subjective and objective parameters and data will be compared after treatment. Conclusions It will be based on observations and results obtained. Trial registration CTRI No. - CTRI/2022/12/048534 Dated - 27/12/2022.</description><subject>Adjuvants</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analgesics</subject><subject>Ayurvedic medicine</subject><subject>Commiphora</subject><subject>Committees</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948)</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Informed consent</subject><subject>Ingredients</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine, Ayurvedic</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neurological diseases</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Plant Gums - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Twitching</subject><issn>2046-1402</issn><issn>2046-1402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkstuEzEUhkcIRKvSV4AjsSmLBF8mzrhdVREERCUQlBVCoxOPnTiasVN7PFV4Gp6F9-EdcJJy3bDyv_jO52PrL4onlIwpE1X13FBCSNBRY1CrMeVyIqoxv1ccM1KKES0Ju_9HPipOY1znCSIlF2z6sDjismRSlPS4-D7z3QYD9nbQoAdsU47egTegjbEK1XaXrwNufYNxhW4J87RcphYGHWKK8B6jdwjvrGsQMAI6wGadBnQ93Np-BW-ycYGxt2Ad9CsNHTpc6k5nIKvnITWrgNHC2QdlM6vw2fm3r3AJAV3jO_tFN6C864Nv2xz7YLGFT7vbd4vyC9hoHSDowerbc2CAm03wQyb3t---KQz7R8XPj4oHBtuoT-_Ok-LjyxfXs1ejq7fz17PLq5FinPMRFc3EcLpgjUJR8apqSkNRyLIUqKalFBMjeaWkQDTIzGJKSKkNUqUW3JhJyU-Ks4M3b3KTdOzrzkal2xad9inWnNKq4lMiSUaf_oOufQoub5cpxmTFKi4yNT1QKvgYgzb1JtgOw7ampN6Xov6rFPWhFDXPk4_v_GnR6ebX3M8KZODiABhUqe23O0392_Mf_Q-j3c2S</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Rai, Mayank</creator><creator>Misar, Sadhana</creator><creator>Gamne, Reeya</creator><general>Faculty of 1000 Ltd</general><scope>C-E</scope><scope>CH4</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-0171</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8960-2977</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-5620</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]</title><author>Rai, Mayank ; Misar, Sadhana ; Gamne, Reeya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2333-16d5f31b2dca68388d4f1a69446ac74965f938c96aafa2fb7004efa1ccb3ff543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adjuvants</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analgesics</topic><topic>Ayurvedic medicine</topic><topic>Commiphora</topic><topic>Committees</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948)</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Informed consent</topic><topic>Ingredients</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine, Ayurvedic</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neurological diseases</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Plant Gums - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Tuberculosis</topic><topic>Twitching</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rai, Mayank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Misar, Sadhana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamne, Reeya</creatorcontrib><collection>F1000Research</collection><collection>Faculty of 1000</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>F1000 research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rai, Mayank</au><au>Misar, Sadhana</au><au>Gamne, Reeya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]</atitle><jtitle>F1000 research</jtitle><addtitle>F1000Res</addtitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>13</volume><spage>9</spage><pages>9-</pages><issn>2046-1402</issn><eissn>2046-1402</eissn><abstract>Background In ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated to ' Grudhrasi' under Vata Nanatmaja-Vyadhi (neurological disorders caused by Vata, one of the bodily humour). In this mainly bodily humours vata and kapha are vitiating producing symptoms like piercing pain, stiffness, twitching, numbness and pain radiating from lumbosacral region to lower limb up to the foot. Therapeutic plan includes stabilizing and bringing back the vitiated vata and kapha humours to equilibrium. The prevalence of sciatica varies considerably ranging from 3.8% in the working population to 7.9% in the nonworking population. Aim Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti (oil pooling therapy) in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). Objectives To assess the efficacy of Rasonapinda as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To assess the efficacy of Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters of Grudhrasi (Sciatica). To compare the efficacy of Rasonapinda and Trayodashang guggul as an adjuvant to katibasti in subjective and objective parameters. Standardisation of Rasonapinda (modified formvati). Methods In this study, a total of 60 patients will be enrolled and divided equally into two groups. In group A, Trayodashang Guggul 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water for 30 days adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given. In group B, Rasonapinda 500 mg twice a day after meal with warm water adjuvant with katibasti for the initial 7 days will be given for 30 days. Result The result will be assessed on baseline of subjective and objective parameters and data will be compared after treatment. Conclusions It will be based on observations and results obtained. Trial registration CTRI No. - CTRI/2022/12/048534 Dated - 27/12/2022.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Faculty of 1000 Ltd</pub><pmid>39429641</pmid><doi>10.12688/f1000research.139568.3</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-0171</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8960-2977</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-5620</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 2046-1402
ispartof F1000 research, 2024, Vol.13, p.9
issn 2046-1402
2046-1402
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3118837090
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access
subjects Adjuvants
Adult
Analgesics
Ayurvedic medicine
Commiphora
Committees
Female
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869-1948)
Humans
Informed consent
Ingredients
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Ayurvedic
Middle Aged
Neurological diseases
Pain
Pathogenesis
Patients
Plant Extracts - therapeutic use
Plant Gums - therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome
Tuberculosis
Twitching
title Comparative evaluation of efficacy of Trayodashang Guggul versus Rasona Pinda as an adjuvant with Katibasti in the management of Grudhrasi (Sciatica):  A randomized controlled trial [version 3; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-14T20%3A14%3A34IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative%20evaluation%20of%20efficacy%20of%20Trayodashang%20Guggul%20versus%20Rasona%20Pinda%20as%20an%20adjuvant%20with%20Katibasti%20in%20the%20management%20of%20Grudhrasi%20(Sciatica):%C2%A0%20A%20randomized%20controlled%20trial%20%5Bversion%203;%20peer%20review:%202%20approved%20with%20reservations%5D&rft.jtitle=F1000%20research&rft.au=Rai,%20Mayank&rft.date=2024&rft.volume=13&rft.spage=9&rft.pages=9-&rft.issn=2046-1402&rft.eissn=2046-1402&rft_id=info:doi/10.12688/f1000research.139568.3&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3118837090%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3122982836&rft_id=info:pmid/39429641&rfr_iscdi=true