Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights
Purpose To prospectively investigate levels of circulating cytokines, changes in frequencies of various immune cell subsets and expression of proliferation and checkpoint molecules on T cells in the peripheral blood after yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cardiovascular and interventional radiology 2024-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1461-1470 |
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| creator | Kitsel, Yuliya Petre, Elena N. Wong, Phillip Sotirchos, Vlasios Vakiani, Efsevia Dimopoulos, Platon M. Ganesh, Karuna Rousseau, Benoit Sofocleous, Constantinos T. |
| description | Purpose
To prospectively investigate levels of circulating cytokines, changes in frequencies of various immune cell subsets and expression of proliferation and checkpoint molecules on T cells in the peripheral blood after yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM).
Materials and methods
We prospectively collected, isolated, and froze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma samples from 15 patients immediately before, immediately after, 3 and 6 weeks post-TARE of CLM. Plasma samples were assessed for various cytokines using a multiplex immunoassay platform. PBMC samples were analyzed in a monocyte/dendritic cell (DC)/B cell flow panel and a T cell activation/exhaustion flow phenotyping panel. We compared the levels at the respective time points using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
IFN-g significantly decreased immediately after (mean 1.62 vs. 3.02 at baseline,
p
= 0.04) and increased at 6 weeks compared to the immediately post-TARE nadir (mean 9.42 vs. 1.62,
p
= 0.04). IL-10 decreased at 3 weeks (mean 0.36 vs. 1.75,
p
= 0.025) post-TARE compared to baseline. Increased CD3
+
T cells (mean 78.24 vs. 60.8,
p
= 0.002) and decreased CTLA-4
+
CD4
+
T cells (mean 2.58 vs. 4.41,
p
= 0.033) were observed at 3 weeks compared to baseline. Increased Ki-67
+
proliferating CD8
+
T cells at 3 and 6 weeks (mean 7.28 and 9.06, respectively, vs. 3.93 at baseline,
p
= 0.02 and 0.03) were recorded.
Conclusion
A shift toward a favorable antitumoral cytokinic and immune cells response was observed after TARE. Significant changes were in specialized immune cells subsets playing important roles in the activation of the immune system. These results support trials combining TARE with immunotherapy for patients with CLM.
Graphical Abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00270-024-03870-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3117074938</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3124943355</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-55caf87a69b4e3550992a0c0f1f205b941d03d998ebb8f5118a5029f36183c1c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kd9qFDEUh4Modlt9AS8k4I03oyf_ZhLvlqXWhUKLVdCrkMlktikzkzXJFNYL8SF8Qp_EdLcqeOFVAvnOL-ecD6FnBF4RgOZ1AqANVEB5BUyWG32AFoQzWoGsPz1ECyANr4gQ5Agdp3QDQISk4jE6YopDLRuyQN-udim70Vu8Hsd5CkPYeGsGvLo208YlvOyzi_hzztHPY6UAvzedD25sw-C_muzD9AYv8aUfQsaXMaSts9nfOnzRJhdv90BJu8pzt_v5_cdq8NM-fj0lv7nO6Ql61Jshuaf35wn6-Pb0w-pddX5xtl4tzytLRZ0rIazpZWNq1XLHhAClqAELPekpiFZx0gHrlJKubWUvCJFGAFU9q4lkllh2gl4ecrcxfJldynr0ybphMJMLc9KMkAYarpgs6It_0JswxzLFHUW54qw0UCh6oGwZOkXX6230o4k7TUDf2dEHO7rY0Xs7mpai5_fRczu67k_Jbx0FYAcglaey__j37__E_gJ1uZv0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3124943355</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerNature Journals</source><creator>Kitsel, Yuliya ; Petre, Elena N. ; Wong, Phillip ; Sotirchos, Vlasios ; Vakiani, Efsevia ; Dimopoulos, Platon M. ; Ganesh, Karuna ; Rousseau, Benoit ; Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kitsel, Yuliya ; Petre, Elena N. ; Wong, Phillip ; Sotirchos, Vlasios ; Vakiani, Efsevia ; Dimopoulos, Platon M. ; Ganesh, Karuna ; Rousseau, Benoit ; Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
To prospectively investigate levels of circulating cytokines, changes in frequencies of various immune cell subsets and expression of proliferation and checkpoint molecules on T cells in the peripheral blood after yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM).
Materials and methods
We prospectively collected, isolated, and froze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma samples from 15 patients immediately before, immediately after, 3 and 6 weeks post-TARE of CLM. Plasma samples were assessed for various cytokines using a multiplex immunoassay platform. PBMC samples were analyzed in a monocyte/dendritic cell (DC)/B cell flow panel and a T cell activation/exhaustion flow phenotyping panel. We compared the levels at the respective time points using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
IFN-g significantly decreased immediately after (mean 1.62 vs. 3.02 at baseline,
p
= 0.04) and increased at 6 weeks compared to the immediately post-TARE nadir (mean 9.42 vs. 1.62,
p
= 0.04). IL-10 decreased at 3 weeks (mean 0.36 vs. 1.75,
p
= 0.025) post-TARE compared to baseline. Increased CD3
+
T cells (mean 78.24 vs. 60.8,
p
= 0.002) and decreased CTLA-4
+
CD4
+
T cells (mean 2.58 vs. 4.41,
p
= 0.033) were observed at 3 weeks compared to baseline. Increased Ki-67
+
proliferating CD8
+
T cells at 3 and 6 weeks (mean 7.28 and 9.06, respectively, vs. 3.93 at baseline,
p
= 0.02 and 0.03) were recorded.
Conclusion
A shift toward a favorable antitumoral cytokinic and immune cells response was observed after TARE. Significant changes were in specialized immune cells subsets playing important roles in the activation of the immune system. These results support trials combining TARE with immunotherapy for patients with CLM.
Graphical Abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 0174-1551</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1432-086X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-086X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00270-024-03870-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39406871</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Aged ; Blood levels ; Cardiology ; CD3 antigen ; CD4 antigen ; CD8 antigen ; Cell activation ; Cell proliferation ; Clinical Investigation ; Clinical trials ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology ; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms - radiotherapy ; CTLA-4 protein ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - blood ; Dendritic cells ; Embolization, Therapeutic - methods ; Female ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Imaging ; Immune system ; Immunotherapy ; Interventional Oncology ; Leukocytes (mononuclear) ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - radiotherapy ; Liver Neoplasms - secondary ; Liver Neoplasms - therapy ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metastases ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes ; Nuclear Medicine ; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ; Phenotyping ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Radiology ; Ultrasound ; Yttrium ; Yttrium Radioisotopes - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2024-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1461-1470</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-55caf87a69b4e3550992a0c0f1f205b941d03d998ebb8f5118a5029f36183c1c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3142-1399</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00270-024-03870-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00270-024-03870-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39406871$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kitsel, Yuliya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petre, Elena N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotirchos, Vlasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vakiani, Efsevia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimopoulos, Platon M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganesh, Karuna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rousseau, Benoit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</creatorcontrib><title>Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights</title><title>Cardiovascular and interventional radiology</title><addtitle>Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</addtitle><description>Purpose
To prospectively investigate levels of circulating cytokines, changes in frequencies of various immune cell subsets and expression of proliferation and checkpoint molecules on T cells in the peripheral blood after yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM).
Materials and methods
We prospectively collected, isolated, and froze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma samples from 15 patients immediately before, immediately after, 3 and 6 weeks post-TARE of CLM. Plasma samples were assessed for various cytokines using a multiplex immunoassay platform. PBMC samples were analyzed in a monocyte/dendritic cell (DC)/B cell flow panel and a T cell activation/exhaustion flow phenotyping panel. We compared the levels at the respective time points using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
IFN-g significantly decreased immediately after (mean 1.62 vs. 3.02 at baseline,
p
= 0.04) and increased at 6 weeks compared to the immediately post-TARE nadir (mean 9.42 vs. 1.62,
p
= 0.04). IL-10 decreased at 3 weeks (mean 0.36 vs. 1.75,
p
= 0.025) post-TARE compared to baseline. Increased CD3
+
T cells (mean 78.24 vs. 60.8,
p
= 0.002) and decreased CTLA-4
+
CD4
+
T cells (mean 2.58 vs. 4.41,
p
= 0.033) were observed at 3 weeks compared to baseline. Increased Ki-67
+
proliferating CD8
+
T cells at 3 and 6 weeks (mean 7.28 and 9.06, respectively, vs. 3.93 at baseline,
p
= 0.02 and 0.03) were recorded.
Conclusion
A shift toward a favorable antitumoral cytokinic and immune cells response was observed after TARE. Significant changes were in specialized immune cells subsets playing important roles in the activation of the immune system. These results support trials combining TARE with immunotherapy for patients with CLM.
Graphical Abstract</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>CD3 antigen</subject><subject>CD4 antigen</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cell proliferation</subject><subject>Clinical Investigation</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Colorectal carcinoma</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - radiotherapy</subject><subject>CTLA-4 protein</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - blood</subject><subject>Dendritic cells</subject><subject>Embolization, Therapeutic - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hepatocytes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Interventional Oncology</subject><subject>Leukocytes (mononuclear)</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - radiotherapy</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - secondary</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - therapy</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metastases</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Nuclear Medicine</subject><subject>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells</subject><subject>Phenotyping</subject><subject>Pilot Projects</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Yttrium</subject><subject>Yttrium Radioisotopes - therapeutic use</subject><issn>0174-1551</issn><issn>1432-086X</issn><issn>1432-086X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kd9qFDEUh4Modlt9AS8k4I03oyf_ZhLvlqXWhUKLVdCrkMlktikzkzXJFNYL8SF8Qp_EdLcqeOFVAvnOL-ecD6FnBF4RgOZ1AqANVEB5BUyWG32AFoQzWoGsPz1ECyANr4gQ5Agdp3QDQISk4jE6YopDLRuyQN-udim70Vu8Hsd5CkPYeGsGvLo208YlvOyzi_hzztHPY6UAvzedD25sw-C_muzD9AYv8aUfQsaXMaSts9nfOnzRJhdv90BJu8pzt_v5_cdq8NM-fj0lv7nO6Ql61Jshuaf35wn6-Pb0w-pddX5xtl4tzytLRZ0rIazpZWNq1XLHhAClqAELPekpiFZx0gHrlJKubWUvCJFGAFU9q4lkllh2gl4ecrcxfJldynr0ybphMJMLc9KMkAYarpgs6It_0JswxzLFHUW54qw0UCh6oGwZOkXX6230o4k7TUDf2dEHO7rY0Xs7mpai5_fRczu67k_Jbx0FYAcglaey__j37__E_gJ1uZv0</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Kitsel, Yuliya</creator><creator>Petre, Elena N.</creator><creator>Wong, Phillip</creator><creator>Sotirchos, Vlasios</creator><creator>Vakiani, Efsevia</creator><creator>Dimopoulos, Platon M.</creator><creator>Ganesh, Karuna</creator><creator>Rousseau, Benoit</creator><creator>Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-1399</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights</title><author>Kitsel, Yuliya ; Petre, Elena N. ; Wong, Phillip ; Sotirchos, Vlasios ; Vakiani, Efsevia ; Dimopoulos, Platon M. ; Ganesh, Karuna ; Rousseau, Benoit ; Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-55caf87a69b4e3550992a0c0f1f205b941d03d998ebb8f5118a5029f36183c1c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>CD3 antigen</topic><topic>CD4 antigen</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Cell proliferation</topic><topic>Clinical Investigation</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Colorectal carcinoma</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - radiotherapy</topic><topic>CTLA-4 protein</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - blood</topic><topic>Dendritic cells</topic><topic>Embolization, Therapeutic - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hepatocytes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Interventional Oncology</topic><topic>Leukocytes (mononuclear)</topic><topic>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - radiotherapy</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - secondary</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - therapy</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metastases</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>Nuclear Medicine</topic><topic>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells</topic><topic>Phenotyping</topic><topic>Pilot Projects</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Yttrium</topic><topic>Yttrium Radioisotopes - therapeutic use</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kitsel, Yuliya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petre, Elena N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Phillip</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sotirchos, Vlasios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vakiani, Efsevia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dimopoulos, Platon M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ganesh, Karuna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rousseau, Benoit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cardiovascular and interventional radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kitsel, Yuliya</au><au>Petre, Elena N.</au><au>Wong, Phillip</au><au>Sotirchos, Vlasios</au><au>Vakiani, Efsevia</au><au>Dimopoulos, Platon M.</au><au>Ganesh, Karuna</au><au>Rousseau, Benoit</au><au>Sofocleous, Constantinos T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights</atitle><jtitle>Cardiovascular and interventional radiology</jtitle><stitle>Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol</addtitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1461</spage><epage>1470</epage><pages>1461-1470</pages><issn>0174-1551</issn><issn>1432-086X</issn><eissn>1432-086X</eissn><abstract>Purpose
To prospectively investigate levels of circulating cytokines, changes in frequencies of various immune cell subsets and expression of proliferation and checkpoint molecules on T cells in the peripheral blood after yttrium-90 radioembolization (TARE) of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CLM).
Materials and methods
We prospectively collected, isolated, and froze peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma samples from 15 patients immediately before, immediately after, 3 and 6 weeks post-TARE of CLM. Plasma samples were assessed for various cytokines using a multiplex immunoassay platform. PBMC samples were analyzed in a monocyte/dendritic cell (DC)/B cell flow panel and a T cell activation/exhaustion flow phenotyping panel. We compared the levels at the respective time points using Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results
IFN-g significantly decreased immediately after (mean 1.62 vs. 3.02 at baseline,
p
= 0.04) and increased at 6 weeks compared to the immediately post-TARE nadir (mean 9.42 vs. 1.62,
p
= 0.04). IL-10 decreased at 3 weeks (mean 0.36 vs. 1.75,
p
= 0.025) post-TARE compared to baseline. Increased CD3
+
T cells (mean 78.24 vs. 60.8,
p
= 0.002) and decreased CTLA-4
+
CD4
+
T cells (mean 2.58 vs. 4.41,
p
= 0.033) were observed at 3 weeks compared to baseline. Increased Ki-67
+
proliferating CD8
+
T cells at 3 and 6 weeks (mean 7.28 and 9.06, respectively, vs. 3.93 at baseline,
p
= 0.02 and 0.03) were recorded.
Conclusion
A shift toward a favorable antitumoral cytokinic and immune cells response was observed after TARE. Significant changes were in specialized immune cells subsets playing important roles in the activation of the immune system. These results support trials combining TARE with immunotherapy for patients with CLM.
Graphical Abstract</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>39406871</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00270-024-03870-2</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-1399</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0174-1551 |
| ispartof | Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2024-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1461-1470 |
| issn | 0174-1551 1432-086X 1432-086X |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Aged Blood levels Cardiology CD3 antigen CD4 antigen CD8 antigen Cell activation Cell proliferation Clinical Investigation Clinical trials Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology Colorectal Neoplasms - radiotherapy CTLA-4 protein Cytokines Cytokines - blood Dendritic cells Embolization, Therapeutic - methods Female Hepatocytes Humans Imaging Immune system Immunotherapy Interventional Oncology Leukocytes (mononuclear) Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - radiotherapy Liver Neoplasms - secondary Liver Neoplasms - therapy Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metastases Middle Aged Monocytes Nuclear Medicine Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Phenotyping Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Radiology Ultrasound Yttrium Yttrium Radioisotopes - therapeutic use |
| title | Systemic Immunological Changes After Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: A Pilot Prospective Observational Study—Clinical Insights |
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