Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers—a meta-analysis
Background and aim The present meta-analysis aims to investigate a potential link between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and an increased risk of genitourinary cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterus, and vagina cancers). While previous research has hinted at a possible link, this meta-analysis seeks...
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creator | Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid Saleem, Mohd Zafar, Mubashir Moursi, Soha Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam Hammam, Sahar Moussa, Safia Alharbi, Mohammed Salem Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi |
description | Background and aim
The present meta-analysis aims to investigate a potential link between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and an increased risk of genitourinary cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterus, and vagina cancers). While previous research has hinted at a possible link, this meta-analysis seeks to delve deeper into the available evidence. Understanding this association is crucial for preventive strategies and improving clinical management practices.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases, covering studies published between 2016 and 2024. We included 13 observational studies meeting stringent criteria, followed by meticulous data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analytical techniques were then employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with heterogeneity assessed using the I
2
statistic.
Results
Our analysis revealed significant findings, underscoring the association between PID and increased risks of genitourinary cancers. Specifically, individuals with a history of PID demonstrated notably higher odds of developing ovarian cancer (OR = 1.477, 95% CI 1.033–2.207), uterine cancer (OR = 1.263, 95% CI 0.827–2.143), cervical cancer (OR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.900–1.100), and vaginal cancer (OR = 2.500, 95% CI 1.400–4.000) compared to those without such a history. The overall heterogeneity across studies was high (
I
2
= 82.92%), suggesting varying trends across different populations and study designs.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides updated evidence supporting a significant association between PID and an increased risk of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Early detection and management of PID are crucial in potentially mitigating the risk of these cancers. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00404-024-07748-z |
format | Article |
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The present meta-analysis aims to investigate a potential link between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and an increased risk of genitourinary cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterus, and vagina cancers). While previous research has hinted at a possible link, this meta-analysis seeks to delve deeper into the available evidence. Understanding this association is crucial for preventive strategies and improving clinical management practices.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases, covering studies published between 2016 and 2024. We included 13 observational studies meeting stringent criteria, followed by meticulous data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analytical techniques were then employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with heterogeneity assessed using the I
2
statistic.
Results
Our analysis revealed significant findings, underscoring the association between PID and increased risks of genitourinary cancers. Specifically, individuals with a history of PID demonstrated notably higher odds of developing ovarian cancer (OR = 1.477, 95% CI 1.033–2.207), uterine cancer (OR = 1.263, 95% CI 0.827–2.143), cervical cancer (OR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.900–1.100), and vaginal cancer (OR = 2.500, 95% CI 1.400–4.000) compared to those without such a history. The overall heterogeneity across studies was high (
I
2
= 82.92%), suggesting varying trends across different populations and study designs.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides updated evidence supporting a significant association between PID and an increased risk of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Early detection and management of PID are crucial in potentially mitigating the risk of these cancers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1432-0711</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0932-0067</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0711</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07748-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39327298</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Cervical cancer ; Endocrinology ; Female ; General Gynecology ; Genital cancers ; Gynecological cancer ; Gynecology ; Health risks ; Human Genetics ; Humans ; Inflammatory diseases ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Meta-analysis ; Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery ; Odds Ratio ; Ovarian cancer ; Ovarian Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms - etiology ; Pelvic inflammatory disease ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - complications ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Uterine cancer ; Uterine Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Vagina ; Vaginal Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024-11, Vol.310 (5), p.2577-2585</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-cb35a8178a87bcc972dae1f88e5ad965ae63aa690d8622618a7b4b814c90480e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1594-1826</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00404-024-07748-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00404-024-07748-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39327298$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Mohd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zafar, Mubashir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moursi, Soha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammam, Sahar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moussa, Safia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Mohammed Salem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi</creatorcontrib><title>Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers—a meta-analysis</title><title>Archives of gynecology and obstetrics</title><addtitle>Arch Gynecol Obstet</addtitle><addtitle>Arch Gynecol Obstet</addtitle><description>Background and aim
The present meta-analysis aims to investigate a potential link between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and an increased risk of genitourinary cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterus, and vagina cancers). While previous research has hinted at a possible link, this meta-analysis seeks to delve deeper into the available evidence. Understanding this association is crucial for preventive strategies and improving clinical management practices.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases, covering studies published between 2016 and 2024. We included 13 observational studies meeting stringent criteria, followed by meticulous data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analytical techniques were then employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with heterogeneity assessed using the I
2
statistic.
Results
Our analysis revealed significant findings, underscoring the association between PID and increased risks of genitourinary cancers. Specifically, individuals with a history of PID demonstrated notably higher odds of developing ovarian cancer (OR = 1.477, 95% CI 1.033–2.207), uterine cancer (OR = 1.263, 95% CI 0.827–2.143), cervical cancer (OR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.900–1.100), and vaginal cancer (OR = 2.500, 95% CI 1.400–4.000) compared to those without such a history. The overall heterogeneity across studies was high (
I
2
= 82.92%), suggesting varying trends across different populations and study designs.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides updated evidence supporting a significant association between PID and an increased risk of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Early detection and management of PID are crucial in potentially mitigating the risk of these cancers.</description><subject>Cervical cancer</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General Gynecology</subject><subject>Genital cancers</subject><subject>Gynecological cancer</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammatory diseases</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Ovarian cancer</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ovarian Neoplasms - etiology</subject><subject>Pelvic inflammatory disease</subject><subject>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - complications</subject><subject>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Uterine cancer</subject><subject>Uterine Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vagina</subject><subject>Vaginal Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><issn>1432-0711</issn><issn>0932-0067</issn><issn>1432-0711</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc2KFDEUhYMoztj6Ai4k4MZFl-anupJaDoOjwoAbXYdbqVtDxqqkza1q6QHBh_AJ50mM3eMPLoSE3OR-5yTkMPZUipdSCPOKhKhFXQlVpjG1rW7usVNZa1W2Ut7_qz5hj4iuhZDK2uYhO9GtVka19pR9PSNKPsAcUuQdzl8QI9_iuAuehziMME0wp7znfSAEQg6x5znQJ54GnnaQA8Q1X2bMIeKae8xFCeP6wO3gKkQYuYdYGnT77TvwCWeooJzuKdBj9mCAkfDJ3bpiHy9efzh_W12-f_Pu_Oyy8mrTzJXv9AasNBas6bxvjeoB5WAtbqBvmw1gowGaVvS2UaqRFkxXd1bWvhW1FahX7MXRd5vT5wVpdlMgj-MIEdNCTktZvlLqMlbs-T_odVpyee-BMtLUjVCFUkfK50SUcXDbHCbIeyeF-xmOO4bjSjjuEI67KaJnd9ZLN2H_W_IrjQLoI0ClFa8w_7n7P7Y_AJrGnKs</recordid><startdate>20241101</startdate><enddate>20241101</enddate><creator>Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid</creator><creator>Saleem, Mohd</creator><creator>Zafar, Mubashir</creator><creator>Moursi, Soha</creator><creator>Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif</creator><creator>Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam</creator><creator>Hammam, Sahar</creator><creator>Moussa, Safia</creator><creator>Alharbi, Mohammed Salem</creator><creator>Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-1826</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241101</creationdate><title>Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers—a meta-analysis</title><author>Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid ; Saleem, Mohd ; Zafar, Mubashir ; Moursi, Soha ; Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif ; Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam ; Hammam, Sahar ; Moussa, Safia ; Alharbi, Mohammed Salem ; Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-cb35a8178a87bcc972dae1f88e5ad965ae63aa690d8622618a7b4b814c90480e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Cervical cancer</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General Gynecology</topic><topic>Genital cancers</topic><topic>Gynecological cancer</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammatory diseases</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Ovarian cancer</topic><topic>Ovarian Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Ovarian Neoplasms - etiology</topic><topic>Pelvic inflammatory disease</topic><topic>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - complications</topic><topic>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Uterine cancer</topic><topic>Uterine Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vagina</topic><topic>Vaginal Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Mohd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zafar, Mubashir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moursi, Soha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammam, Sahar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moussa, Safia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alharbi, Mohammed Salem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Archives of gynecology and obstetrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid</au><au>Saleem, Mohd</au><au>Zafar, Mubashir</au><au>Moursi, Soha</au><au>Mohammed, Ghorashy Eltayeb Yousif</au><au>Shahid, Syed Monowar Alam</au><au>Hammam, Sahar</au><au>Moussa, Safia</au><au>Alharbi, Mohammed Salem</au><au>Alshammari, Ahmed Nawi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers—a meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>Archives of gynecology and obstetrics</jtitle><stitle>Arch Gynecol Obstet</stitle><addtitle>Arch Gynecol Obstet</addtitle><date>2024-11-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>310</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2577</spage><epage>2585</epage><pages>2577-2585</pages><issn>1432-0711</issn><issn>0932-0067</issn><eissn>1432-0711</eissn><abstract>Background and aim
The present meta-analysis aims to investigate a potential link between pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and an increased risk of genitourinary cancers (ovarian, cervical, uterus, and vagina cancers). While previous research has hinted at a possible link, this meta-analysis seeks to delve deeper into the available evidence. Understanding this association is crucial for preventive strategies and improving clinical management practices.
Methodology
A comprehensive literature search was conducted across various databases, covering studies published between 2016 and 2024. We included 13 observational studies meeting stringent criteria, followed by meticulous data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analytical techniques were then employed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with heterogeneity assessed using the I
2
statistic.
Results
Our analysis revealed significant findings, underscoring the association between PID and increased risks of genitourinary cancers. Specifically, individuals with a history of PID demonstrated notably higher odds of developing ovarian cancer (OR = 1.477, 95% CI 1.033–2.207), uterine cancer (OR = 1.263, 95% CI 0.827–2.143), cervical cancer (OR = 1.000, 95% CI 0.900–1.100), and vaginal cancer (OR = 2.500, 95% CI 1.400–4.000) compared to those without such a history. The overall heterogeneity across studies was high (
I
2
= 82.92%), suggesting varying trends across different populations and study designs.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis provides updated evidence supporting a significant association between PID and an increased risk of cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Early detection and management of PID are crucial in potentially mitigating the risk of these cancers.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>39327298</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00404-024-07748-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1594-1826</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cervical cancer Endocrinology Female General Gynecology Genital cancers Gynecological cancer Gynecology Health risks Human Genetics Humans Inflammatory diseases Medicine Medicine & Public Health Meta-analysis Obstetrics/Perinatology/Midwifery Odds Ratio Ovarian cancer Ovarian Neoplasms - epidemiology Ovarian Neoplasms - etiology Pelvic inflammatory disease Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - complications Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - epidemiology Risk Factors Uterine cancer Uterine Neoplasms - epidemiology Vagina Vaginal Neoplasms - epidemiology |
title | Association between pelvic inflammatory disease and risk of ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vaginal cancers—a meta-analysis |
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