Japan's cancer survivorship guidelines for exercise and physical activity

This research aimed to establish the inaugural evidence-based cancer survivorship guidelines for Japan, with a particular focus on exercise and physical activity, in order to enhance health outcomes for cancer survivors. A panel of experts, including oncologists, physicians, exercise scientists, epidemiologists and patient advocates, utilized a modified Delphi process and systematic reviews to establish consensus on exercise recommendations for cancer survivors. The panel focused on setting the objectives of the Clinical Practice Guidelines and addressing crucial clinical issues in Japan. Recommendations were formulated based on the strength and certainty of evidence, the benefit-harm balance and patient values and preferences. The panel formulated exercise recommendations for cancer survivors of two age groups: 18-64 years and ≥65 years. The recommendations for both age groups are consistent, emphasizing the importance of regular exercise and physical activity tailored to individual capabilities and health conditions. The guidelines underline the benefits of exercise in improving the overall health and quality of life of cancer survivors. This consensus on exercise recommendations marks a significant step in the development of comprehensive cancer survivorship guidelines in Japan, with potential implications for improving clinical outcomes and advancing research in cancer survivorship. These guidelines will serve as a critical resource for cancer survivors, highlighting exercise as a key component of survivorship care, and for clinicians, in recommending appropriate physical activities to improve survivor health and well-being.