Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stands out as a significant vector-borne endemic in Pakistan. Despite the rising incidence of CL, the genetic diversity of Leishmania species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Parasitology research (1987) 2024-09, Vol.123 (9), p.320, Article 320 |
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| creator | Naz, Shumaila Nalcaci, Muhammed Hayat, Obaid Toz, Seray Minhas, Azhar Waseem, Shahid Ozbel, Yusuf |
| description | Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stands out as a significant vector-borne endemic in Pakistan. Despite the rising incidence of CL, the genetic diversity of
Leishmania
species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of
Leishmania
species in CL-endemic areas of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Punjab in Pakistan. Clinical samples from 300 CL patients were put to microscopic examination, real-time ITS-1 PCR, and sequencing. Predominantly affecting males between 16 to 30 years of age, with lesions primarily on hands and faces, the majority presented with nodular and plaque types. Microscopic analysis revealed a positivity rate of 67.8%, while real-time PCR identified 60.98% positive cases, mainly
L. tropica
, followed by
L. infantum
and
L. major. Leishmania major
(
p
= 0.009) showed substantially greater variation in nucleotide sequences than
L. tropica
(
p
= 0.07) and
L. infantum
(
p
= 0.03)
.
Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated higher diversity in
L. major and L. infantum
compared to
L. tropica.
This study enhances our understanding of CL epidemiology in Pakistan, stressing the crucial role of molecular techniques in accurate species identification. The foundational data provided here emphasizes the necessity for future research to investigate deeper into genetic diversity and its implications for CL control at both individual and community levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5 |
| format | Article |
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Leishmania
species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of
Leishmania
species in CL-endemic areas of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Punjab in Pakistan. Clinical samples from 300 CL patients were put to microscopic examination, real-time ITS-1 PCR, and sequencing. Predominantly affecting males between 16 to 30 years of age, with lesions primarily on hands and faces, the majority presented with nodular and plaque types. Microscopic analysis revealed a positivity rate of 67.8%, while real-time PCR identified 60.98% positive cases, mainly
L. tropica
, followed by
L. infantum
and
L. major. Leishmania major
(
p
= 0.009) showed substantially greater variation in nucleotide sequences than
L. tropica
(
p
= 0.07) and
L. infantum
(
p
= 0.03)
.
Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated higher diversity in
L. major and L. infantum
compared to
L. tropica.
This study enhances our understanding of CL epidemiology in Pakistan, stressing the crucial role of molecular techniques in accurate species identification. The foundational data provided here emphasizes the necessity for future research to investigate deeper into genetic diversity and its implications for CL control at both individual and community levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0932-0113</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1432-1955</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39254766</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; DNA, Protozoan - genetics ; Endemic species ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Immunology ; Leishmania ; Leishmania - classification ; Leishmania - genetics ; Leishmania - isolation & purification ; Leishmania major - classification ; Leishmania major - genetics ; Leishmania major - isolation & purification ; Leishmania tropica - classification ; Leishmania tropica - genetics ; Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology ; Male ; Medical Microbiology ; Microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Pakistan - epidemiology ; Parasitic diseases ; Phylogeny ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Parasitology research (1987), 2024-09, Vol.123 (9), p.320, Article 320</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-a507d4ad39632f01ef83b3e04ce4fe42b5f9c75e11fccd4c6e315b21c57796b23</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8088-0084</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39254766$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Naz, Shumaila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nalcaci, Muhammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayat, Obaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toz, Seray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minhas, Azhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waseem, Shahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozbel, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><title>Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species</title><title>Parasitology research (1987)</title><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><description>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stands out as a significant vector-borne endemic in Pakistan. Despite the rising incidence of CL, the genetic diversity of
Leishmania
species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of
Leishmania
species in CL-endemic areas of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Punjab in Pakistan. Clinical samples from 300 CL patients were put to microscopic examination, real-time ITS-1 PCR, and sequencing. Predominantly affecting males between 16 to 30 years of age, with lesions primarily on hands and faces, the majority presented with nodular and plaque types. Microscopic analysis revealed a positivity rate of 67.8%, while real-time PCR identified 60.98% positive cases, mainly
L. tropica
, followed by
L. infantum
and
L. major. Leishmania major
(
p
= 0.009) showed substantially greater variation in nucleotide sequences than
L. tropica
(
p
= 0.07) and
L. infantum
(
p
= 0.03)
.
Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated higher diversity in
L. major and L. infantum
compared to
L. tropica.
This study enhances our understanding of CL epidemiology in Pakistan, stressing the crucial role of molecular techniques in accurate species identification. The foundational data provided here emphasizes the necessity for future research to investigate deeper into genetic diversity and its implications for CL control at both individual and community levels.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</subject><subject>Endemic species</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Leishmania</subject><subject>Leishmania - classification</subject><subject>Leishmania - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmania major - classification</subject><subject>Leishmania major - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania major - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmania tropica - classification</subject><subject>Leishmania tropica - genetics</subject><subject>Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Molecular Epidemiology</subject><subject>Pakistan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0932-0113</issn><issn>1432-1955</issn><issn>1432-1955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhS0EokPhBVggS2zYhPo_E3aogoI0Ulm068hxbmZcEjv4JpWGh-PZ8CSlSCxY-UrnO-de-RDymrP3nLHyAhlT0hRMqIJtpVKFfkI2XElR8Errp2TDqjwzzuUZeYF4xxgvjVLPyZmshFalMRvy6woCTN7R1t9DQj8dqQ0thdG3MPjYx713tqc-oN8fJszDFKmbJxsgzkh78HgYbPAW_Umk3-x3j1n9QC11cRgTHCB774HiNLdHGgN1vQ9L6MnXQaYnHwMue4fYg5t7m6g72GTdBMn_XHQaO7p73EZxBOcBX5Jnne0RXj285-T286ebyy_F7vrq6-XHXeGENlNhNStbZVtZGSk6xqHbykYCUw5UB0o0uqtcqYHzzrlWOQOS60Zwp8uyMo2Q5-Tdmjum-GPON9eDRwd9v_5DLXluwVQl4xl9-w96F-cU8nULtRVMM50psVIuRcQEXT0mP9h0rDmrT-3Wa7t1zq2XduuT6c1D9NwM0D5a_tSZAbkCmKWwh_R3939ifwPMkrWa</recordid><startdate>20240910</startdate><enddate>20240910</enddate><creator>Naz, Shumaila</creator><creator>Nalcaci, Muhammed</creator><creator>Hayat, Obaid</creator><creator>Toz, Seray</creator><creator>Minhas, Azhar</creator><creator>Waseem, Shahid</creator><creator>Ozbel, Yusuf</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0084</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240910</creationdate><title>Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species</title><author>Naz, Shumaila ; Nalcaci, Muhammed ; Hayat, Obaid ; Toz, Seray ; Minhas, Azhar ; Waseem, Shahid ; Ozbel, Yusuf</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-a507d4ad39632f01ef83b3e04ce4fe42b5f9c75e11fccd4c6e315b21c57796b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - genetics</topic><topic>Endemic species</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Genetic Variation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Leishmania</topic><topic>Leishmania - classification</topic><topic>Leishmania - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmania major - classification</topic><topic>Leishmania major - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania major - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmania tropica - classification</topic><topic>Leishmania tropica - genetics</topic><topic>Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Molecular Epidemiology</topic><topic>Pakistan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Parasitic diseases</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Naz, Shumaila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nalcaci, Muhammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayat, Obaid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toz, Seray</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minhas, Azhar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waseem, Shahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozbel, Yusuf</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Parasitology research (1987)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Naz, Shumaila</au><au>Nalcaci, Muhammed</au><au>Hayat, Obaid</au><au>Toz, Seray</au><au>Minhas, Azhar</au><au>Waseem, Shahid</au><au>Ozbel, Yusuf</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species</atitle><jtitle>Parasitology research (1987)</jtitle><stitle>Parasitol Res</stitle><addtitle>Parasitol Res</addtitle><date>2024-09-10</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>123</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>320</spage><pages>320-</pages><artnum>320</artnum><issn>0932-0113</issn><issn>1432-1955</issn><eissn>1432-1955</eissn><abstract>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) stands out as a significant vector-borne endemic in Pakistan. Despite the rising incidence of CL, the genetic diversity of
Leishmania
species in the country’s endemic regions remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity and molecular characteristics of
Leishmania
species in CL-endemic areas of Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), and Punjab in Pakistan. Clinical samples from 300 CL patients were put to microscopic examination, real-time ITS-1 PCR, and sequencing. Predominantly affecting males between 16 to 30 years of age, with lesions primarily on hands and faces, the majority presented with nodular and plaque types. Microscopic analysis revealed a positivity rate of 67.8%, while real-time PCR identified 60.98% positive cases, mainly
L. tropica
, followed by
L. infantum
and
L. major. Leishmania major
(
p
= 0.009) showed substantially greater variation in nucleotide sequences than
L. tropica
(
p
= 0.07) and
L. infantum
(
p
= 0.03)
.
Nucleotide diversity analysis indicated higher diversity in
L. major and L. infantum
compared to
L. tropica.
This study enhances our understanding of CL epidemiology in Pakistan, stressing the crucial role of molecular techniques in accurate species identification. The foundational data provided here emphasizes the necessity for future research to investigate deeper into genetic diversity and its implications for CL control at both individual and community levels.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>39254766</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00436-024-08344-5</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0084</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0932-0113 |
| ispartof | Parasitology research (1987), 2024-09, Vol.123 (9), p.320, Article 320 |
| issn | 0932-0113 1432-1955 1432-1955 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3102469701 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Child Child, Preschool Cutaneous leishmaniasis DNA, Protozoan - genetics Endemic species Epidemiology Female Genetic diversity Genetic Variation Humans Immunology Leishmania Leishmania - classification Leishmania - genetics Leishmania - isolation & purification Leishmania major - classification Leishmania major - genetics Leishmania major - isolation & purification Leishmania tropica - classification Leishmania tropica - genetics Leishmania tropica - isolation & purification Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology Male Medical Microbiology Microbiology Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology Pakistan - epidemiology Parasitic diseases Phylogeny Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Analysis, DNA Young Adult |
| title | Genetic diversity and epidemiological insights into cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pakistan: a comprehensive study on clinical manifestations and molecular characterization of Leishmania species |
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