SUPERMAN genes: uncovering a new function in the development of complex inflorescences

The Arabidopsis SUPERMAN (SUP) gene and its orthologs in eudicots are crucial in regulating the number of reproductive floral organs. In Medicago truncatula, in addition to this function, a novel role in controlling meristem activity during compound inflorescence development was assigned to the SUP‐ortholog (MtSUP). These findings led us to investigate whether the role of SUP genes in inflorescence development was legume‐specific or could be extended to other eudicots. To assess that, we used Solanum lycopersicum as a model system with a cymose complex inflorescence and Arabidopsis thaliana as the best‐known example of simple inflorescence. We conducted a detailed comparative expression analysis of SlSUP and SUP from vegetative stages to flower transition. In addition, we performed an exhaustive phenotypic characterisation of two different slsup and sup mutants during the plant life cycle. Our findings reveal that SlSUP is required for precise regulation of the meristems that control shoot and inflorescence architecture in tomato. In contrast, in Arabidopsis, SUP performs no meristematic function, but we found a role of SUP in floral transition. Our findings suggest that the functional divergence of SUP‐like genes contributed to the modification of inflorescence architecture during angiosperm evolution.