Pathological Fracture on a Cyst-Like Mandibular Lesion Revealing a Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Clinical Case and Review of the Literature

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is a rare malignant tumor originating from remnants of odontogenic epithelium within the central jaw bone. The majority of the PIOSCC cases are diagnosed incidentally on histological findings while a potential malignancy wasn't necessarily determined at first on initial investigations. The diagnosis of PIOSCC is challenging and relies on ruling out other types of carcinomas, including metastatic tumors from other primary sites. It is essential for the physician to detect potential clinicoradiologic "red flags" for an early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this article, we present an unusual case of PIOSCC discovered on a cyst-like lesion with pathological fracture and review the current literature to identify the potential warning features.