An Array of Carbon Nanofiber Bundle_Based 3D In Vitro Intestinal Microvilli for Mimicking Functional and Physical Activities of the Small Intestine

Researchers have developed in vitro small intestine models of biomimicking microvilli, such as gut‐on‐a‐chip devices. However, fabrication methods developed to date for 2D and 3D in vitro gut still have unsolved limitations. In this study, an innovative fabrication method of a 3D in vitro gut model is introduced for effective drug screening. The villus is formed on a patterned carbon nanofiber (CNF) bundle as a flexible and biocompatible scaffold. Mechanical properties of the fabricated villi structure are investigates. A microfluidic system is applied to induce the movement of CNFs villi. F‐actin and Occludin staining of Caco‐2 cells on a 2D flat‐chip as a control and a 3D gut‐chip with or without fluidic stress is observed. A permeability test of FD20 is performed. The proposed 3D gut‐chip with fluidic stress achieve the highest value of Papp. Mechano‐active stimuli caused by distinct structural and movement effects of CNFs villi as well as stiffness of the suggested CNFs villi not only can help accelerate cell differentiation but also can improve permeability. The proposed 3D gut‐chip system further strengthens the potential of the platform to increase the accuracy of various drug tests. Mechanically controllable Carbon nanofiber (CNF) bundles_based microvilli, which functioned as flexible and biocompatible scaffolds, and a microfluidic flow system are used for biomimic villi movement in a 3D gut‐chip. Their mechanical properties and microfluidic‐induced movement enhance cell differentiation and permeability. This innovative 3D gut‐chip system enhances the accuracy of drug testing.