The 123s and Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitives of Unaccompanied Latinx Minors: A Trauma-Informed Composite Case Study

Objectives: This article explores the stages where trauma is experienced (123s) and its physiopsychological impact (affect, behavior, and cognitions [ABCs]) in unaccompanied Latinx Minors through the analysis of a composite case study. Unaccompanied Latinx Minors represent a unique and growing population in the United States that warrants careful consideration from a trauma-informed and resilience-based framework. Method: A detailed case study was implemented, triangulating caregiver and client therapy records to illustrate the framework of stages of trauma exposure (123s) and physiopsychological impact (ABCs). Results: Latinx children often encounter various potentially traumatic experiences and adverse childhood experiences at the following stages (123s): (1) Preimmigration; (2) During immigration; and (3) Postimmigration. The extended traumas experienced by immigrant youth may easily constitute toxic stress. Moreover, once in the destination country, youth may lack coping resources or encounter stressful circumstances that prolong or exacerbate the impact of previous traumas. This continuous physiological hyperarousal can also result in changes in brain neurobiology, which further compounds the experience of other symptoms (Krupnik, 2021). These potentially complex trauma responses may manifest for these children through ABCs. The cumulative impact of these incidents may have significant effects on minors' A. Affective, B. Behavioral, and C. Cognitive functioning. Conclusions: Relevant clinical implications and policy recommendations for addressing the multifaceted needs of unaccompanied Latinx minors. Public Significance Statement In order to assist unaccompanied Latinx Minor in adjusting to their new lives in the United States, it is important to understand the sources of trauma (123s) from the immigration and acculturation process, as well as how these impact their bodies, minds, and behaviors (ABCs). The framework of 123s and ABCs can assist clinicians in identifying traumatic events and creating a tailored plan to assist the client in coping with the impacts on their mood, thoughts, and behaviors.