Assessment of exercise-induced dehydration in underhydrated athletes: Which method shows the most promise?

Athletes are commonly exposed to exercise-induced dehydration. However, the best method to detect dehydration under this circumstance is not clear. This study aimed to analyze pre- and post-dehydration measurements of biomarkers, including saliva osmolality (SOsm), urine osmolality (UOsm), urine-specific gravity (USG), urine color (Ucolor), serum osmolality (SeOsm), serum arginine vasopressin (AVP), serum sodium (Na+), and thirst sensation in underhydrated athletes, using the body mass loss (BML) as the reference method. In this clinical trial (NCT05380089), a total of 38 athletes (17 females) with a regular low water intake (