Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Serum Cytokines in Patients with Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality. Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2024-08, Vol.25 (15), p.8278 |
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| description | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality. Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(-)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(-) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(-)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(-) patients and HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(-), while LN CoV-2(-) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood's basic immunological parameters. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection influences B-cell and monocyte compartments. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms25158278 |
| format | Article |
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Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(-)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(-) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(-)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(-) patients and HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(-), while LN CoV-2(-) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood's basic immunological parameters. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection influences B-cell and monocyte compartments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158278</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39125849</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antigens ; Autoimmune diseases ; B cells ; Care and treatment ; Comparative analysis ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - blood ; COVID-19 - immunology ; Cytokines ; Cytokines - blood ; Dendritic cells ; Disease ; Female ; Health aspects ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immune system ; Infection ; Infections ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism ; Lupus ; Lupus Nephritis - blood ; Lupus Nephritis - immunology ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Medical equipment and supplies industry ; Medical test kit industry ; Microorganisms ; Middle Aged ; Monocytes - immunology ; Mortality ; Nephritis ; Pathogens ; SARS-CoV-2 - immunology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; T cells ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; United States ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2024-08, Vol.25 (15), p.8278</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c311t-707201198e9bbde14190f2a77a636618be13ecd9af9de2f2d847b31a37c157ca3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2190-2903 ; 0000-0001-8210-8063 ; 0000-0002-4392-5594 ; 0000-0002-5766-1913 ; 0000-0002-0672-4136 ; 0000-0002-6086-0024</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39125849$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lisowska, Katarzyna A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciesielska-Figlon, Klaudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komorniczak, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bułło-Piontecka, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dębska-Ślizień, Alicja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wardowska, Anna</creatorcontrib><title>Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Serum Cytokines in Patients with Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have an increased risk of infections and infection-related mortality. Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(-)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(-) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(-)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(-) patients and HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(-), while LN CoV-2(-) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood's basic immunological parameters. However, SARS-CoV-2 infection influences B-cell and monocyte compartments.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Comparative analysis</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - blood</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - blood</subject><subject>Dendritic cells</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology</subject><subject>Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism</subject><subject>Lupus</subject><subject>Lupus Nephritis - blood</subject><subject>Lupus Nephritis - immunology</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical equipment and supplies industry</subject><subject>Medical test kit industry</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monocytes - 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Therefore, during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, SLE patients were particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, compared to other patients, SLE patients seem to develop more severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher rates of hospitalization, invasive ventilation requirements, or death. This study evaluated the immune parameters after SARS-CoV-2 infection in SLE patients. We analyzed subpopulations of peripheral blood cells collected from patients with renal manifestation of SLE (lupus nephritis, LN). LN patients were divided into two subgroups: those unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 (LN CoV-2(-)) and those who had confirmed COVID-19 (LN-CoV-2(+)) six months earlier. We analyzed basic subpopulations of T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and serum cytokines using flow cytometry. All collected data were compared to a healthy control group without SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical history. LN patients were characterized by a decreased percentage of helper T (Th) cells and an increased percentage of cytotoxic T (Tc) cells regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmablasts (PBs) and a lower percentage of non-switched memory (NSM) B cells compared to LN CoV-2(-) patients or healthy controls (HC CoV-2(-)). LN patients had a higher percentage of total monocytes compared with HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had a higher percentage of classical and intermediate monocytes than LN CoV-2(-) patients and HC CoV-2(-). LN CoV-2(+) patients had higher serum IL-6 levels than HC CoV-2(-), while LN CoV-2(-) patients had higher levels of serum IL-10. LN patients are characterized by disturbances in the blood's basic immunological parameters. 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| subjects | Adult Antigens Autoimmune diseases B cells Care and treatment Comparative analysis Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology Cytokines Cytokines - blood Dendritic cells Disease Female Health aspects Hospitalization Humans Immune system Infection Infections Leukocytes, Mononuclear - immunology Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism Lupus Lupus Nephritis - blood Lupus Nephritis - immunology Lymphocytes Male Medical equipment and supplies industry Medical test kit industry Microorganisms Middle Aged Monocytes - immunology Mortality Nephritis Pathogens SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Systemic lupus erythematosus T cells Tumor necrosis factor-TNF United States Viral infections |
| title | Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Serum Cytokines in Patients with Lupus Nephritis after COVID-19 |
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