From Tumor Macroenvironment to Tumor Microenvironment: The Prognostic Role of the Immune System in Oral and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The interplay between cancer cells and the immune system is crucial in cancer progression and treatment. In this regard, the tumor immune microenvironment and macroenvironment, marked by systemic inflammation markers and TILs, could be considered key prognostic factors in tumors, including oral and...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2024-08, Vol.16 (15), p.2759 |
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| creator | Battista, Rosa Alessia Pini, Giacomo Maria Finco, Alex Corso, Filippo Galli, Andrea Arrigoni, Gianluigi Doglioni, Claudio Callea, Marcella Paccagnella, Matteo Porcu, Luca Filipello, Federica Mazzola, Marco Foggetti, Giorgia Gregorc, Vanesa Giordano, Leone Bussi, Mario Mirabile, Aurora Veronesi, Giulia |
| description | The interplay between cancer cells and the immune system is crucial in cancer progression and treatment. In this regard, the tumor immune microenvironment and macroenvironment, marked by systemic inflammation markers and TILs, could be considered key prognostic factors in tumors, including oral and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
We conducted a retrospective clinical study on patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSCC), examining stages, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic significance of pre-surgical systemic inflammation markers and tumor microenvironment composition.
Associations were found between systemic inflammation markers-NLR, MLR, and PLR-and tumor microenvironment factors, such as TILs and CD8+ cell prevalence-elevated inflammation markers correlated with advanced stages. Specifically, NLR was prognostic in OSCC, whereas PLR was prognostic in LUSCC. Using a cutoff value, we divided our tumor samples into two prognostic groups. Moreover, TILs levels >15% of tumor stroma correlated with prolonged overall survival in both OSCC and LUSCC, while increased CD8+ expression was linked to extended disease-free survival in LUSCC.
Systemic inflammation markers and TILs can be valuable prognostic factors of survival, highlighting the immune response's role in OSCC and LUSCC. Despite limited clinical integration of the presented cohorts due to a lack of standardization, we concluded that analyzing tumor immune profiles may offer novel prognostic insights.
Future integration into cancer classification could improve risk stratification and treatment guidance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers16152759 |
| format | Article |
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We conducted a retrospective clinical study on patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSCC), examining stages, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic significance of pre-surgical systemic inflammation markers and tumor microenvironment composition.
Associations were found between systemic inflammation markers-NLR, MLR, and PLR-and tumor microenvironment factors, such as TILs and CD8+ cell prevalence-elevated inflammation markers correlated with advanced stages. Specifically, NLR was prognostic in OSCC, whereas PLR was prognostic in LUSCC. Using a cutoff value, we divided our tumor samples into two prognostic groups. Moreover, TILs levels >15% of tumor stroma correlated with prolonged overall survival in both OSCC and LUSCC, while increased CD8+ expression was linked to extended disease-free survival in LUSCC.
Systemic inflammation markers and TILs can be valuable prognostic factors of survival, highlighting the immune response's role in OSCC and LUSCC. Despite limited clinical integration of the presented cohorts due to a lack of standardization, we concluded that analyzing tumor immune profiles may offer novel prognostic insights.
Future integration into cancer classification could improve risk stratification and treatment guidance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152759</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39123486</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Analysis ; B cells ; Biomarkers ; Blood platelets ; Brain cancer ; Cancer ; CD8 antigen ; Cells ; Comorbidity ; Development and progression ; Health aspects ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Inflammation ; Leukocytes (neutrophilic) ; Lung cancer ; Lung carcinoma ; Lymphocytes ; Medical prognosis ; Monocytes ; Neutrophils ; Oncology, Experimental ; Oral carcinoma ; Oral squamous cell carcinoma ; Prognosis ; Software ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Stroma ; Thoracic surgery ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2024-08, Vol.16 (15), p.2759</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-118f77d3ea2dfcd8ee5461e668e2d74ab7d876a82d20825cd06c273b6de89b4f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2391-2008 ; 0000-0003-2641-9443 ; 0000-0003-1844-1413 ; 0000-0002-1475-0940 ; 0000-0001-9094-4205 ; 0000-0003-2677-8091 ; 0009-0000-4282-5535</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39123486$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Battista, Rosa Alessia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pini, Giacomo Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Finco, Alex</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corso, Filippo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galli, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arrigoni, Gianluigi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doglioni, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Callea, Marcella</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Paccagnella, Matteo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Porcu, Luca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Filipello, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzola, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foggetti, Giorgia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gregorc, Vanesa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Giordano, Leone</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bussi, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirabile, Aurora</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veronesi, Giulia</creatorcontrib><title>From Tumor Macroenvironment to Tumor Microenvironment: The Prognostic Role of the Immune System in Oral and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma</title><title>Cancers</title><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><description>The interplay between cancer cells and the immune system is crucial in cancer progression and treatment. In this regard, the tumor immune microenvironment and macroenvironment, marked by systemic inflammation markers and TILs, could be considered key prognostic factors in tumors, including oral and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
We conducted a retrospective clinical study on patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSCC), examining stages, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic significance of pre-surgical systemic inflammation markers and tumor microenvironment composition.
Associations were found between systemic inflammation markers-NLR, MLR, and PLR-and tumor microenvironment factors, such as TILs and CD8+ cell prevalence-elevated inflammation markers correlated with advanced stages. Specifically, NLR was prognostic in OSCC, whereas PLR was prognostic in LUSCC. Using a cutoff value, we divided our tumor samples into two prognostic groups. Moreover, TILs levels >15% of tumor stroma correlated with prolonged overall survival in both OSCC and LUSCC, while increased CD8+ expression was linked to extended disease-free survival in LUSCC.
Systemic inflammation markers and TILs can be valuable prognostic factors of survival, highlighting the immune response's role in OSCC and LUSCC. Despite limited clinical integration of the presented cohorts due to a lack of standardization, we concluded that analyzing tumor immune profiles may offer novel prognostic insights.
Future integration into cancer classification could improve risk stratification and treatment guidance.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>B cells</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Blood platelets</subject><subject>Brain cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>CD8 antigen</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Leukocytes (neutrophilic)</subject><subject>Lung cancer</subject><subject>Lung carcinoma</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>Oncology, Experimental</subject><subject>Oral carcinoma</subject><subject>Oral squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Squamous cell carcinoma</subject><subject>Stroma</subject><subject>Thoracic surgery</subject><subject>Tumor microenvironment</subject><subject>Tumor-infiltrating 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Tumor Macroenvironment to Tumor Microenvironment: The Prognostic Role of the Immune System in Oral and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma</title><author>Battista, Rosa Alessia ; Pini, Giacomo Maria ; Finco, Alex ; Corso, Filippo ; Galli, Andrea ; Arrigoni, Gianluigi ; Doglioni, Claudio ; Callea, Marcella ; Paccagnella, Matteo ; Porcu, Luca ; Filipello, Federica ; Mazzola, Marco ; Foggetti, Giorgia ; Gregorc, Vanesa ; Giordano, Leone ; Bussi, Mario ; Mirabile, Aurora ; Veronesi, Giulia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c317t-118f77d3ea2dfcd8ee5461e668e2d74ab7d876a82d20825cd06c273b6de89b4f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>B cells</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Blood platelets</topic><topic>Brain cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>CD8 antigen</topic><topic>Cells</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Development 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Giulia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>From Tumor Macroenvironment to Tumor Microenvironment: The Prognostic Role of the Immune System in Oral and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle><addtitle>Cancers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2024-08-03</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>2759</spage><pages>2759-</pages><issn>2072-6694</issn><eissn>2072-6694</eissn><abstract>The interplay between cancer cells and the immune system is crucial in cancer progression and treatment. In this regard, the tumor immune microenvironment and macroenvironment, marked by systemic inflammation markers and TILs, could be considered key prognostic factors in tumors, including oral and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
We conducted a retrospective clinical study on patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSCC), examining stages, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic significance of pre-surgical systemic inflammation markers and tumor microenvironment composition.
Associations were found between systemic inflammation markers-NLR, MLR, and PLR-and tumor microenvironment factors, such as TILs and CD8+ cell prevalence-elevated inflammation markers correlated with advanced stages. Specifically, NLR was prognostic in OSCC, whereas PLR was prognostic in LUSCC. Using a cutoff value, we divided our tumor samples into two prognostic groups. Moreover, TILs levels >15% of tumor stroma correlated with prolonged overall survival in both OSCC and LUSCC, while increased CD8+ expression was linked to extended disease-free survival in LUSCC.
Systemic inflammation markers and TILs can be valuable prognostic factors of survival, highlighting the immune response's role in OSCC and LUSCC. Despite limited clinical integration of the presented cohorts due to a lack of standardization, we concluded that analyzing tumor immune profiles may offer novel prognostic insights.
Future integration into cancer classification could improve risk stratification and treatment guidance.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39123486</pmid><doi>10.3390/cancers16152759</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2391-2008</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-9443</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-1413</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-0940</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9094-4205</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-8091</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4282-5535</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Cancers, 2024-08, Vol.16 (15), p.2759 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Analysis B cells Biomarkers Blood platelets Brain cancer Cancer CD8 antigen Cells Comorbidity Development and progression Health aspects Immune response Immune system Inflammation Leukocytes (neutrophilic) Lung cancer Lung carcinoma Lymphocytes Medical prognosis Monocytes Neutrophils Oncology, Experimental Oral carcinoma Oral squamous cell carcinoma Prognosis Software Squamous cell carcinoma Stroma Thoracic surgery Tumor microenvironment Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Tumors |
| title | From Tumor Macroenvironment to Tumor Microenvironment: The Prognostic Role of the Immune System in Oral and Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
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