Radiofrequency-responsive black phosphorus nanogel crosslinked with cisplatin for precise synergy in multi-modal tumor therapies

Radiofrequency-responsive nanoparticles (RFNPs) have drawn increasingly attentions as RF energy absorbing antenna to enhance antitumor efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, it remains a huge challenge for inorganic RFNPs to precisely synergize RFA with other antitumor modes in a clinically acceptable way on bio-safety and bio-compatibility. In this work, RF-responsive black phosphorus (BP) nanogel (BP-Pt@PNA) was successfully fabricated by crosslinking coordination of cisplatin with BP and temperature sensitive polymer PNA. BP-Pt@PNA exhibited strong RF-heating effect and RF-induced pulsatile release of cisplatin. Under RF irradiation, BP-Pt@PNA exhibited cytotoxic enhancement on 4T1 cells. By the synergistic effect of BP and cisplatin, BP-Pt@PNA achieved RF-stimulated systemic immune effect, thus induced enhance suppression on tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, BP-Pt@PNA realized long-term drug retention in tumor and favorable embolization to tumor-feeding arteries. With high drug loading capacity and favorable bio-safety and bio-degradability, BP-Pt@PNA is expected as an ideal RFNP for precisely synergizing RFA with other antitumor modes in clinical application. Temperature sensitive polymer was used to wrap BP up by bridging coordination of cisplatin and fabricated BP-Pt@PNA. The synergistic multi-mode antitumor effect of BP-Pt@PNA was controlled and mediated by RF-field. [Display omitted]