Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence
Background and Aims The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropy...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Liver international 2024-10, Vol.44 (10), p.2763-2772 |
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| creator | Salani, Francesca Vetere, Guglielmo Rossini, Daniele Genovesi, Virginia Carullo, Martina Bartalini, Linda Massa, Valentina Bernardini, Laura Caccese, Miriam Cesario, Silvia Graziani, Jessica Grelli, Giada Mangogna, Francesco Vivaldi, Caterina Masi, Gianluca Fornaro, Lorenzo |
| description | Background and Aims
The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head‐to‐head, against observation and combination regimens.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random‐effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P‐score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement).
Results
Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72–.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69–.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74–.96]; HR .79 [.70–.89]). In the head‐to‐head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49–.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size.
Conclusions
Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.
Key points
The administration of chemotherapy after surgery in primary liver cancers arising from biliary cells is needed to reduce the risk of disease relapse. Different chemotherapy regimens are available. From our study, we confirmed that capecitabine is the most effective option compared to doublet regimens in terms of disease‐free patients' survival and overall survival. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/liv.16047 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3085690122</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3114313642</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2437-a90c9c2f398ad946132407bbec6a2f7dcf0468ecb69fb39ca79acf792ac131513</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kcFOGzEQhq0K1ITQQ18AWeICh4C93uyuuaGIFqQIDi29rma948Zh1w72btL01EfoM_IkNQ3kgMRcZqT55tfo_wn5zNkZj3XemNUZz1iafyBDnubFWCSC7-3mRAzIQQgLxriUE_6RDIRkeSKLYkh-3WK3dv6BttjB05-_YKHZBBOo0xTqRb8C21E1x9Z1c_Sw3FBjaWUaA35DOw8qbsEq9OGCfsOuM_YnjSQNCi1S7Ty1uKYebO1a8xtriitTYzw4JPsamoCfXvqI3H-5-j69Hs_uvt5ML2djlaQiH4NkSqpEC1lALdOMiyRleVWhyiDRea00S7MCVZVJXQmpIJegdC4TUFzwCRcjcrLVXXr32GPoytbE55oGLLo-lIIVk0wyHl0akeM36ML1PhoSKc5TwUWWPlOnW0p5F4JHXS69aaMdJWflcxxljKP8H0dkj14U-6rFeke--h-B8y2wNg1u3lcqZzc_tpL_AI1plq8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3114313642</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence</title><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Salani, Francesca ; Vetere, Guglielmo ; Rossini, Daniele ; Genovesi, Virginia ; Carullo, Martina ; Bartalini, Linda ; Massa, Valentina ; Bernardini, Laura ; Caccese, Miriam ; Cesario, Silvia ; Graziani, Jessica ; Grelli, Giada ; Mangogna, Francesco ; Vivaldi, Caterina ; Masi, Gianluca ; Fornaro, Lorenzo</creator><creatorcontrib>Salani, Francesca ; Vetere, Guglielmo ; Rossini, Daniele ; Genovesi, Virginia ; Carullo, Martina ; Bartalini, Linda ; Massa, Valentina ; Bernardini, Laura ; Caccese, Miriam ; Cesario, Silvia ; Graziani, Jessica ; Grelli, Giada ; Mangogna, Francesco ; Vivaldi, Caterina ; Masi, Gianluca ; Fornaro, Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><description>Background and Aims
The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head‐to‐head, against observation and combination regimens.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random‐effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P‐score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement).
Results
Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72–.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69–.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74–.96]; HR .79 [.70–.89]). In the head‐to‐head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49–.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size.
Conclusions
Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.
Key points
The administration of chemotherapy after surgery in primary liver cancers arising from biliary cells is needed to reduce the risk of disease relapse. Different chemotherapy regimens are available. From our study, we confirmed that capecitabine is the most effective option compared to doublet regimens in terms of disease‐free patients' survival and overall survival.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1478-3223</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1478-3231</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1478-3231</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/liv.16047</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39072988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>adjuvant chemotherapy ; Biliary tract ; biliary tract cancers ; Biliary tract diseases ; Cancer ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical trials ; Effectiveness ; Gemcitabine ; Literature reviews ; Meta-analysis ; network meta‐analysis ; Patients ; prognosis ; Subgroups ; Survival</subject><ispartof>Liver international, 2024-10, Vol.44 (10), p.2763-2772</ispartof><rights>2024 The Author(s). published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2024 The Author(s). Liver International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2024. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2437-a90c9c2f398ad946132407bbec6a2f7dcf0468ecb69fb39ca79acf792ac131513</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6943-2897 ; 0000-0001-7749-8634</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fliv.16047$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fliv.16047$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,1418,27926,27927,45576,45577</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39072988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Salani, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vetere, Guglielmo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossini, Daniele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Genovesi, Virginia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carullo, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartalini, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Massa, Valentina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardini, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caccese, Miriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesario, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graziani, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grelli, Giada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mangogna, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vivaldi, Caterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masi, Gianluca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fornaro, Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><title>Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence</title><title>Liver international</title><addtitle>Liver Int</addtitle><description>Background and Aims
The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head‐to‐head, against observation and combination regimens.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random‐effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P‐score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement).
Results
Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72–.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69–.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74–.96]; HR .79 [.70–.89]). In the head‐to‐head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49–.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size.
Conclusions
Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.
Key points
The administration of chemotherapy after surgery in primary liver cancers arising from biliary cells is needed to reduce the risk of disease relapse. Different chemotherapy regimens are available. From our study, we confirmed that capecitabine is the most effective option compared to doublet regimens in terms of disease‐free patients' survival and overall survival.</description><subject>adjuvant chemotherapy</subject><subject>Biliary tract</subject><subject>biliary tract cancers</subject><subject>Biliary tract diseases</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>Gemcitabine</subject><subject>Literature reviews</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>network meta‐analysis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>prognosis</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Survival</subject><issn>1478-3223</issn><issn>1478-3231</issn><issn>1478-3231</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kcFOGzEQhq0K1ITQQ18AWeICh4C93uyuuaGIFqQIDi29rma948Zh1w72btL01EfoM_IkNQ3kgMRcZqT55tfo_wn5zNkZj3XemNUZz1iafyBDnubFWCSC7-3mRAzIQQgLxriUE_6RDIRkeSKLYkh-3WK3dv6BttjB05-_YKHZBBOo0xTqRb8C21E1x9Z1c_Sw3FBjaWUaA35DOw8qbsEq9OGCfsOuM_YnjSQNCi1S7Ty1uKYebO1a8xtriitTYzw4JPsamoCfXvqI3H-5-j69Hs_uvt5ML2djlaQiH4NkSqpEC1lALdOMiyRleVWhyiDRea00S7MCVZVJXQmpIJegdC4TUFzwCRcjcrLVXXr32GPoytbE55oGLLo-lIIVk0wyHl0akeM36ML1PhoSKc5TwUWWPlOnW0p5F4JHXS69aaMdJWflcxxljKP8H0dkj14U-6rFeke--h-B8y2wNg1u3lcqZzc_tpL_AI1plq8</recordid><startdate>202410</startdate><enddate>202410</enddate><creator>Salani, Francesca</creator><creator>Vetere, Guglielmo</creator><creator>Rossini, Daniele</creator><creator>Genovesi, Virginia</creator><creator>Carullo, Martina</creator><creator>Bartalini, Linda</creator><creator>Massa, Valentina</creator><creator>Bernardini, Laura</creator><creator>Caccese, Miriam</creator><creator>Cesario, Silvia</creator><creator>Graziani, Jessica</creator><creator>Grelli, Giada</creator><creator>Mangogna, Francesco</creator><creator>Vivaldi, Caterina</creator><creator>Masi, Gianluca</creator><creator>Fornaro, Lorenzo</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-2897</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-8634</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202410</creationdate><title>Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence</title><author>Salani, Francesca ; Vetere, Guglielmo ; Rossini, Daniele ; Genovesi, Virginia ; Carullo, Martina ; Bartalini, Linda ; Massa, Valentina ; Bernardini, Laura ; Caccese, Miriam ; Cesario, Silvia ; Graziani, Jessica ; Grelli, Giada ; Mangogna, Francesco ; Vivaldi, Caterina ; Masi, Gianluca ; Fornaro, Lorenzo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2437-a90c9c2f398ad946132407bbec6a2f7dcf0468ecb69fb39ca79acf792ac131513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>adjuvant chemotherapy</topic><topic>Biliary tract</topic><topic>biliary tract cancers</topic><topic>Biliary tract diseases</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Effectiveness</topic><topic>Gemcitabine</topic><topic>Literature reviews</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>network meta‐analysis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>prognosis</topic><topic>Subgroups</topic><topic>Survival</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Salani, Francesca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vetere, Guglielmo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rossini, Daniele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Genovesi, Virginia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carullo, Martina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartalini, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Massa, Valentina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bernardini, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caccese, Miriam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cesario, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graziani, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grelli, Giada</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mangogna, Francesco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vivaldi, Caterina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masi, Gianluca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fornaro, Lorenzo</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Free Content</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Liver international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Salani, Francesca</au><au>Vetere, Guglielmo</au><au>Rossini, Daniele</au><au>Genovesi, Virginia</au><au>Carullo, Martina</au><au>Bartalini, Linda</au><au>Massa, Valentina</au><au>Bernardini, Laura</au><au>Caccese, Miriam</au><au>Cesario, Silvia</au><au>Graziani, Jessica</au><au>Grelli, Giada</au><au>Mangogna, Francesco</au><au>Vivaldi, Caterina</au><au>Masi, Gianluca</au><au>Fornaro, Lorenzo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence</atitle><jtitle>Liver international</jtitle><addtitle>Liver Int</addtitle><date>2024-10</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2763</spage><epage>2772</epage><pages>2763-2772</pages><issn>1478-3223</issn><issn>1478-3231</issn><eissn>1478-3231</eissn><abstract>Background and Aims
The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head‐to‐head, against observation and combination regimens.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random‐effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P‐score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement).
Results
Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72–.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69–.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74–.96]; HR .79 [.70–.89]). In the head‐to‐head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49–.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size.
Conclusions
Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.
Key points
The administration of chemotherapy after surgery in primary liver cancers arising from biliary cells is needed to reduce the risk of disease relapse. Different chemotherapy regimens are available. From our study, we confirmed that capecitabine is the most effective option compared to doublet regimens in terms of disease‐free patients' survival and overall survival.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>39072988</pmid><doi>10.1111/liv.16047</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6943-2897</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7749-8634</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | adjuvant chemotherapy Biliary tract biliary tract cancers Biliary tract diseases Cancer Chemotherapy Clinical trials Effectiveness Gemcitabine Literature reviews Meta-analysis network meta‐analysis Patients prognosis Subgroups Survival |
| title | Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence |
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