Identification of floral aroma components and molecular regulation mechanism of floral aroma formation in Phalaenopsis

BACKGROUND Most Phalaenopsis cultivars have almost no aroma, with a few exceptions. Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivar...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2024-12, Vol.104 (15), p.9202-9209
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Yingjie, Gong, Zihui, Zhu, Zhiqi, Sun, Jixia, Guo, Wenjiao, Zhang, Jingwei, Ding, Pengsong, Liu, Minxiao, Gao, Zhihong
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container_end_page 9209
container_issue 15
container_start_page 9202
container_title Journal of the science of food and agriculture
container_volume 104
creator Zhang, Yingjie
Gong, Zihui
Zhu, Zhiqi
Sun, Jixia
Guo, Wenjiao
Zhang, Jingwei
Ding, Pengsong
Liu, Minxiao
Gao, Zhihong
description BACKGROUND Most Phalaenopsis cultivars have almost no aroma, with a few exceptions. Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivars like ‘Orange Beauty’, ‘Brother Sara Gold’, ‘Purple Martin’, ‘H026’, ‘SK16’, ‘SX098’, and ‘SH51’, to improve the aroma of the common Phalaenopsis. RESULTS Floral aroma components were tested on nine Phalaenopsis species, using smell identification and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The result showed that alcohols, esters, and alkenes were the key specific components in the different species and cultivar aromas and the aroma intensity and component content of cultivars with different colors were different. The main components of the floral aromas in Phalaenopsis were alcohols (including eucalyptol, linalool, citronellol, and 1‐hexanol), esters (including hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, and dibutyl phthalate), alkenes (including pinene and sabinene) and arenes (like fluorene). The transcriptome of flowers in the bud stage and bloom stage of P. ‘SH51’ was sequenced and 5999 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The contributions of the phenylpropionic acid/phenyl ring compound and the terpene compound to the aroma were greater. Sixteen genes related to phalaenopsis aroma were found. TC4M, PAL, CAD6, and HR were related to phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. SLS, TS10, and P450 were related to the synthesis pathway of terpenes. TS10 and YUCCA 10 were involved in tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the floral aroma components and regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for Phalaenopsis breeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jsfa.13742
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Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivars like ‘Orange Beauty’, ‘Brother Sara Gold’, ‘Purple Martin’, ‘H026’, ‘SK16’, ‘SX098’, and ‘SH51’, to improve the aroma of the common Phalaenopsis. RESULTS Floral aroma components were tested on nine Phalaenopsis species, using smell identification and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The result showed that alcohols, esters, and alkenes were the key specific components in the different species and cultivar aromas and the aroma intensity and component content of cultivars with different colors were different. The main components of the floral aromas in Phalaenopsis were alcohols (including eucalyptol, linalool, citronellol, and 1‐hexanol), esters (including hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, and dibutyl phthalate), alkenes (including pinene and sabinene) and arenes (like fluorene). The transcriptome of flowers in the bud stage and bloom stage of P. ‘SH51’ was sequenced and 5999 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The contributions of the phenylpropionic acid/phenyl ring compound and the terpene compound to the aroma were greater. Sixteen genes related to phalaenopsis aroma were found. TC4M, PAL, CAD6, and HR were related to phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. SLS, TS10, and P450 were related to the synthesis pathway of terpenes. TS10 and YUCCA 10 were involved in tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the floral aroma components and regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for Phalaenopsis breeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13742</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39007364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>1-Hexanol ; Acetic acid ; Alcohols ; Alcohols - chemistry ; Alcohols - metabolism ; Alkenes ; Aroma ; aroma component ; Aroma compounds ; aroma gene ; Aromatic compounds ; Citronellol ; Cultivars ; Cyclic compounds ; Dibutyl phthalate ; Esters ; Esters - analysis ; Esters - chemistry ; Esters - metabolism ; Fertility ; Flowers - chemistry ; Flowers - genetics ; Flowers - growth &amp; development ; Flowers - metabolism ; Fluorene ; Gas chromatography ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Gene regulation ; Genes ; Headspace ; headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry ; Linalool ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Odorants - analysis ; Orchidaceae - chemistry ; Orchidaceae - genetics ; Orchidaceae - growth &amp; development ; Orchidaceae - metabolism ; Phalaenopsis ; Plant breeding ; Plant Proteins - chemistry ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Sabinene ; Synthesis ; Terpenes ; transcriptome ; Transcriptomes ; Tryptophan ; Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry ; Volatile Organic Compounds - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-12, Vol.104 (15), p.9202-9209</ispartof><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2462-b49b39f02687912cc46d430f9360bb94691dd604db4183656428583c2f64090f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4951-4064</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13742$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13742$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39007364$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yingjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Zihui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zhiqi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Jixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Wenjiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jingwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Pengsong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Minxiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Zhihong</creatorcontrib><title>Identification of floral aroma components and molecular regulation mechanism of floral aroma formation in Phalaenopsis</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND Most Phalaenopsis cultivars have almost no aroma, with a few exceptions. Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivars like ‘Orange Beauty’, ‘Brother Sara Gold’, ‘Purple Martin’, ‘H026’, ‘SK16’, ‘SX098’, and ‘SH51’, to improve the aroma of the common Phalaenopsis. RESULTS Floral aroma components were tested on nine Phalaenopsis species, using smell identification and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The result showed that alcohols, esters, and alkenes were the key specific components in the different species and cultivar aromas and the aroma intensity and component content of cultivars with different colors were different. The main components of the floral aromas in Phalaenopsis were alcohols (including eucalyptol, linalool, citronellol, and 1‐hexanol), esters (including hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, and dibutyl phthalate), alkenes (including pinene and sabinene) and arenes (like fluorene). The transcriptome of flowers in the bud stage and bloom stage of P. ‘SH51’ was sequenced and 5999 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The contributions of the phenylpropionic acid/phenyl ring compound and the terpene compound to the aroma were greater. Sixteen genes related to phalaenopsis aroma were found. TC4M, PAL, CAD6, and HR were related to phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. SLS, TS10, and P450 were related to the synthesis pathway of terpenes. TS10 and YUCCA 10 were involved in tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the floral aroma components and regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for Phalaenopsis breeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><subject>1-Hexanol</subject><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Alcohols - chemistry</subject><subject>Alcohols - metabolism</subject><subject>Alkenes</subject><subject>Aroma</subject><subject>aroma component</subject><subject>Aroma compounds</subject><subject>aroma gene</subject><subject>Aromatic compounds</subject><subject>Citronellol</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Cyclic compounds</subject><subject>Dibutyl phthalate</subject><subject>Esters</subject><subject>Esters - analysis</subject><subject>Esters - chemistry</subject><subject>Esters - metabolism</subject><subject>Fertility</subject><subject>Flowers - chemistry</subject><subject>Flowers - genetics</subject><subject>Flowers - growth &amp; development</subject><subject>Flowers - metabolism</subject><subject>Fluorene</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Gene regulation</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Headspace</subject><subject>headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Linalool</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Odorants - analysis</subject><subject>Orchidaceae - chemistry</subject><subject>Orchidaceae - genetics</subject><subject>Orchidaceae - growth &amp; development</subject><subject>Orchidaceae - metabolism</subject><subject>Phalaenopsis</subject><subject>Plant breeding</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Sabinene</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Terpenes</subject><subject>transcriptome</subject><subject>Transcriptomes</subject><subject>Tryptophan</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Volatile Organic Compounds - metabolism</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90U1LHTEUBuBQKvXWdtMfIAPdiDD25GNyJ0u5qFUEhbbrkMkkmks-rskdi__e6NguFFydxXnOS8iL0DcMRxiA_FgXq44wXTLyAS0wiGULgOEjWtQlaTvMyC76XMoaAITg_BPapQJgSTlboPvz0cSts06rrUuxSbaxPmXlG5VTUI1OYZNiJaVRcWxC8kZPXuUmm5s6n2-C0bcquhLeXNuUw2xcbK5vlVcmpk1x5QvascoX8_Vl7qE_pye_Vz_by6uz89XxZasJ46QdmBiosEB4vxSYaM34yChYQTkMg2Bc4HHkwMaB4Z7yjjPSdz3VxHIGAizdQwdz7ianu8mUrQyuaOO9iiZNRVLogdcwCpV-f0XXacqxvk5STKgQ0HW4qsNZ6ZxKycbKTXZB5QeJQT61IZ_akM9tVLz_EjkNwYz_6b_vrwDP4K_z5uGdKHnx6_R4Dn0EhQiUfA</recordid><startdate>202412</startdate><enddate>202412</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yingjie</creator><creator>Gong, Zihui</creator><creator>Zhu, Zhiqi</creator><creator>Sun, Jixia</creator><creator>Guo, Wenjiao</creator><creator>Zhang, Jingwei</creator><creator>Ding, Pengsong</creator><creator>Liu, Minxiao</creator><creator>Gao, Zhihong</creator><general>John Wiley &amp; 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Phalaenopsis presents significant challenges in fragrance breeding due to its weak aroma and low fertility. It is therefore necessary to identify the aroma components and key regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis cultivars like ‘Orange Beauty’, ‘Brother Sara Gold’, ‘Purple Martin’, ‘H026’, ‘SK16’, ‘SX098’, and ‘SH51’, to improve the aroma of the common Phalaenopsis. RESULTS Floral aroma components were tested on nine Phalaenopsis species, using smell identification and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The result showed that alcohols, esters, and alkenes were the key specific components in the different species and cultivar aromas and the aroma intensity and component content of cultivars with different colors were different. The main components of the floral aromas in Phalaenopsis were alcohols (including eucalyptol, linalool, citronellol, and 1‐hexanol), esters (including hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, and dibutyl phthalate), alkenes (including pinene and sabinene) and arenes (like fluorene). The transcriptome of flowers in the bud stage and bloom stage of P. ‘SH51’ was sequenced and 5999 differentially expressed genes were obtained. The contributions of the phenylpropionic acid/phenyl ring compound and the terpene compound to the aroma were greater. Sixteen genes related to phalaenopsis aroma were found. TC4M, PAL, CAD6, and HR were related to phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. SLS, TS10, and P450 were related to the synthesis pathway of terpenes. TS10 and YUCCA 10 were involved in tryptophan metabolism. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the floral aroma components and regulatory genes in Phalaenopsis. The proposed method and research data can provide technical support for Phalaenopsis breeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>39007364</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.13742</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4951-4064</orcidid></addata></record>
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subjects 1-Hexanol
Acetic acid
Alcohols
Alcohols - chemistry
Alcohols - metabolism
Alkenes
Aroma
aroma component
Aroma compounds
aroma gene
Aromatic compounds
Citronellol
Cultivars
Cyclic compounds
Dibutyl phthalate
Esters
Esters - analysis
Esters - chemistry
Esters - metabolism
Fertility
Flowers - chemistry
Flowers - genetics
Flowers - growth & development
Flowers - metabolism
Fluorene
Gas chromatography
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Gene regulation
Genes
Headspace
headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Linalool
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Odorants - analysis
Orchidaceae - chemistry
Orchidaceae - genetics
Orchidaceae - growth & development
Orchidaceae - metabolism
Phalaenopsis
Plant breeding
Plant Proteins - chemistry
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - metabolism
Sabinene
Synthesis
Terpenes
transcriptome
Transcriptomes
Tryptophan
Volatile Organic Compounds - chemistry
Volatile Organic Compounds - metabolism
title Identification of floral aroma components and molecular regulation mechanism of floral aroma formation in Phalaenopsis
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