Detection of cell‐free tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for leptomeningeal melanoma metastasis: A case series

Leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) are associated with poor survival. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single‐center case series, detection of BRAFV600‐ and...

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Veröffentlicht in:Pigment cell and melanoma research 2024-11, Vol.37 (6), p.822-830
Hauptverfasser: Dirven, Iris, Vounckx, Manon, Kessels, Jolien I., Lauwyck, Justine, Awada, Gil, Vanbinst, Anne‐Marie, Neyns, Bart
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container_issue 6
container_start_page 822
container_title Pigment cell and melanoma research
container_volume 37
creator Dirven, Iris
Vounckx, Manon
Kessels, Jolien I.
Lauwyck, Justine
Awada, Gil
Vanbinst, Anne‐Marie
Neyns, Bart
description Leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) are associated with poor survival. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single‐center case series, detection of BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cell‐free tumor DNA (cfDNA) in CSF was evaluated as a complementary diagnostic biomarker. In 12 patients with clinical suspicion of LMM, a retrospective analysis of MRI, CSF cytology and cfDNA analysis on 1 mL of CSF using the Idylla® platform was carried out. Nine patients displayed MRI abnormalities suggesting LMM. CSF analysis identified malignant cells in three patients (including one without MRI abnormalities). BRAFV600‐ or NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA was detected in CSF of nine patients (eight with and one without MRI abnormalities; all patients with positive CSF cytology). Subsequent follow‐up confirmed LMM in all patients with positive and in one patient with a negative CSF cfDNA analysis (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 100%). Our findings suggest that analyzing BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA in CSF using the Idylla® platform holds promise as a sensitive and specific complementary diagnostic biomarker for LMM, particularly in case of inconsistency between imaging and CSF cytology. The 110‐min analysis can facilitate urgent treatment decisions. Automated cfDNA analysis on CSF can be used as additional sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker for leptomeningeal melanoma metastasis, Allowing for reduced lumbar punctures to obtain positive cytology results and quicker treatment decisions.
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Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single‐center case series, detection of BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cell‐free tumor DNA (cfDNA) in CSF was evaluated as a complementary diagnostic biomarker. In 12 patients with clinical suspicion of LMM, a retrospective analysis of MRI, CSF cytology and cfDNA analysis on 1 mL of CSF using the Idylla® platform was carried out. Nine patients displayed MRI abnormalities suggesting LMM. CSF analysis identified malignant cells in three patients (including one without MRI abnormalities). BRAFV600‐ or NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA was detected in CSF of nine patients (eight with and one without MRI abnormalities; all patients with positive CSF cytology). Subsequent follow‐up confirmed LMM in all patients with positive and in one patient with a negative CSF cfDNA analysis (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 100%). Our findings suggest that analyzing BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA in CSF using the Idylla® platform holds promise as a sensitive and specific complementary diagnostic biomarker for LMM, particularly in case of inconsistency between imaging and CSF cytology. The 110‐min analysis can facilitate urgent treatment decisions. 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Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single‐center case series, detection of BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cell‐free tumor DNA (cfDNA) in CSF was evaluated as a complementary diagnostic biomarker. In 12 patients with clinical suspicion of LMM, a retrospective analysis of MRI, CSF cytology and cfDNA analysis on 1 mL of CSF using the Idylla® platform was carried out. Nine patients displayed MRI abnormalities suggesting LMM. CSF analysis identified malignant cells in three patients (including one without MRI abnormalities). BRAFV600‐ or NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA was detected in CSF of nine patients (eight with and one without MRI abnormalities; all patients with positive CSF cytology). Subsequent follow‐up confirmed LMM in all patients with positive and in one patient with a negative CSF cfDNA analysis (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 100%). Our findings suggest that analyzing BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA in CSF using the Idylla® platform holds promise as a sensitive and specific complementary diagnostic biomarker for LMM, particularly in case of inconsistency between imaging and CSF cytology. The 110‐min analysis can facilitate urgent treatment decisions. 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Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Inconclusive findings at initial presentation can delay treatment. In this single‐center case series, detection of BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cell‐free tumor DNA (cfDNA) in CSF was evaluated as a complementary diagnostic biomarker. In 12 patients with clinical suspicion of LMM, a retrospective analysis of MRI, CSF cytology and cfDNA analysis on 1 mL of CSF using the Idylla® platform was carried out. Nine patients displayed MRI abnormalities suggesting LMM. CSF analysis identified malignant cells in three patients (including one without MRI abnormalities). BRAFV600‐ or NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA was detected in CSF of nine patients (eight with and one without MRI abnormalities; all patients with positive CSF cytology). Subsequent follow‐up confirmed LMM in all patients with positive and in one patient with a negative CSF cfDNA analysis (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 100%). Our findings suggest that analyzing BRAFV600‐ and NRASQ61‐mutant cfDNA in CSF using the Idylla® platform holds promise as a sensitive and specific complementary diagnostic biomarker for LMM, particularly in case of inconsistency between imaging and CSF cytology. The 110‐min analysis can facilitate urgent treatment decisions. Automated cfDNA analysis on CSF can be used as additional sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker for leptomeningeal melanoma metastasis, Allowing for reduced lumbar punctures to obtain positive cytology results and quicker treatment decisions.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>38990845</pmid><doi>10.1111/pcmr.13186</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2168-0781</orcidid></addata></record>
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ispartof Pigment cell and melanoma research, 2024-11, Vol.37 (6), p.822-830
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subjects Abnormalities
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
biomarker
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - cerebrospinal fluid
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
brain metastases
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids - cerebrospinal fluid
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids - genetics
Cellular biology
cell‐free tumor DNA
Cerebrospinal fluid
Circulating Tumor DNA - blood
Circulating Tumor DNA - cerebrospinal fluid
Circulating Tumor DNA - genetics
Cytology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diagnostic systems
DNA
Female
GTP Phosphohydrolases - genetics
Humans
leptomeningeal metastasis
Magnetic resonance imaging
Male
Melanoma
Melanoma - cerebrospinal fluid
Melanoma - diagnosis
Melanoma - genetics
Melanoma - pathology
Membrane Proteins - cerebrospinal fluid
Membrane Proteins - genetics
Meningeal Neoplasms - cerebrospinal fluid
Meningeal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Meningeal Neoplasms - genetics
Meningeal Neoplasms - pathology
Meningeal Neoplasms - secondary
Meninges
Metastases
Middle Aged
Mutants
Mutation
Neuroimaging
Patients
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf - genetics
Retrospective Studies
Sensitivity analysis
Tumors
title Detection of cell‐free tumor DNA in cerebrospinal fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for leptomeningeal melanoma metastasis: A case series
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