Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species
Candida species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain u...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Brazilian journal of microbiology 2024-09, Vol.55 (3), p.2569-2579 |
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| creator | Huma, Zill-e- Saleem, Sidrah Imran, Muhammad Raza, Syed Mohsin Jabeen, Kokab Arshad, Faiqa |
| description | Candida
species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain undiagnosed. The present study aims to determine the burden of antifungal resistance in low socioeconomic country, Pakistan and the frequency of
ERG11
and
MDR1
genes involved. A total of 636
Candida
isolates were obtained from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore in the form of culture on various culture plates. Sabouraud agar culture plates were used to culture the
Candida
spp. Antifungal resistance was determined against Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin via disk diffusion technique. Most resistance was observed against Fluconazole followed by Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin. The
Candida
isolates recovering from CVP tip and tissue have a high resistance profile.
Candida
species resistant to at least two antifungals were chosen for further
ERG11
and
MDR1
detection through real-time PCR. Among 255
Candida
isolates, 240 contained
ERG11
gene while
MDR1
gene is present in 149
Candida
isolates. The isolates carrying both genes were tested by the broth microdilution technique for the susceptibility against cycloheximide, all of them were able to grow in cycloheximide. The genetic determinants of antifungal resistance such as
ERG11
and
MDR1
are as important in the multidrug resistance against a variety of compounds and antifungal drugs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s42770-024-01436-5 |
| format | Article |
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species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain undiagnosed. The present study aims to determine the burden of antifungal resistance in low socioeconomic country, Pakistan and the frequency of
ERG11
and
MDR1
genes involved. A total of 636
Candida
isolates were obtained from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore in the form of culture on various culture plates. Sabouraud agar culture plates were used to culture the
Candida
spp. Antifungal resistance was determined against Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin via disk diffusion technique. Most resistance was observed against Fluconazole followed by Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin. The
Candida
isolates recovering from CVP tip and tissue have a high resistance profile.
Candida
species resistant to at least two antifungals were chosen for further
ERG11
and
MDR1
detection through real-time PCR. Among 255
Candida
isolates, 240 contained
ERG11
gene while
MDR1
gene is present in 149
Candida
isolates. The isolates carrying both genes were tested by the broth microdilution technique for the susceptibility against cycloheximide, all of them were able to grow in cycloheximide. The genetic determinants of antifungal resistance such as
ERG11
and
MDR1
are as important in the multidrug resistance against a variety of compounds and antifungal drugs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1517-8382</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1678-4405</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1678-4405</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01436-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38980650</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - genetics ; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - metabolism ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Candida ; Candida - classification ; Candida - drug effects ; Candida - genetics ; Candida - isolation & purification ; Candidiasis - microbiology ; Commensals ; Cycloheximide ; Cycloheximide - pharmacology ; Drug resistance ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal - genetics ; ERG11 gene ; Fluconazole ; Food Microbiology ; Fungal Proteins - genetics ; Fungal Proteins - metabolism ; Fungicides ; Gene frequency ; Genes ; High resistance ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Ketoconazole ; Life Sciences ; MDR1 protein ; Medical Microbiology ; Medicine and Public Health - Research Paper ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbiology ; Multidrug resistance ; Mycology ; Nystatin ; Oral cavity ; P-Glycoprotein ; Pakistan ; Plates ; Real time</subject><ispartof>Brazilian journal of microbiology, 2024-09, Vol.55 (3), p.2569-2579</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-8a6612cb63ff59bb5ef11996c88c9302fa8ad01697b909cb7fc9307c5314abd33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5291-9228</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42770-024-01436-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s42770-024-01436-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38980650$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huma, Zill-e-</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Sidrah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imran, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raza, Syed Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabeen, Kokab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arshad, Faiqa</creatorcontrib><title>Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species</title><title>Brazilian journal of microbiology</title><addtitle>Braz J Microbiol</addtitle><addtitle>Braz J Microbiol</addtitle><description>Candida
species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain undiagnosed. The present study aims to determine the burden of antifungal resistance in low socioeconomic country, Pakistan and the frequency of
ERG11
and
MDR1
genes involved. A total of 636
Candida
isolates were obtained from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore in the form of culture on various culture plates. Sabouraud agar culture plates were used to culture the
Candida
spp. Antifungal resistance was determined against Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin via disk diffusion technique. Most resistance was observed against Fluconazole followed by Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin. The
Candida
isolates recovering from CVP tip and tissue have a high resistance profile.
Candida
species resistant to at least two antifungals were chosen for further
ERG11
and
MDR1
detection through real-time PCR. Among 255
Candida
isolates, 240 contained
ERG11
gene while
MDR1
gene is present in 149
Candida
isolates. The isolates carrying both genes were tested by the broth microdilution technique for the susceptibility against cycloheximide, all of them were able to grow in cycloheximide. The genetic determinants of antifungal resistance such as
ERG11
and
MDR1
are as important in the multidrug resistance against a variety of compounds and antifungal drugs.</description><subject>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - genetics</subject><subject>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - metabolism</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Candida</subject><subject>Candida - classification</subject><subject>Candida - drug effects</subject><subject>Candida - genetics</subject><subject>Candida - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Candidiasis - microbiology</subject><subject>Commensals</subject><subject>Cycloheximide</subject><subject>Cycloheximide - pharmacology</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal - genetics</subject><subject>ERG11 gene</subject><subject>Fluconazole</subject><subject>Food Microbiology</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Gene frequency</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>High resistance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Itraconazole</subject><subject>Ketoconazole</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>MDR1 protein</subject><subject>Medical Microbiology</subject><subject>Medicine and Public Health - Research Paper</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Multidrug resistance</subject><subject>Mycology</subject><subject>Nystatin</subject><subject>Oral cavity</subject><subject>P-Glycoprotein</subject><subject>Pakistan</subject><subject>Plates</subject><subject>Real time</subject><issn>1517-8382</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LHTEUhkOpVKv-gS5KoBs3oyfJ5GspV2sLlsKlLlyFTObMNTIf1-QO6L8312stuOgqIe9z3hMeQr4wOGUA-izXXGuogNcVsFqoSn4gB0xpU9U1yI_lLpmujDB8n3zO-R6AS6j5J7IvjDWgJByQ2-XUI506erm8Yoz6saW_LpaMrnDETONIw1Popzt8jENs8SUf5n4T2zSvaMIc88aPAbfkooSx9TSvMUTMR2Sv833G49fzkNx8v_yz-FFd_776uTi_rgKXalMZrxTjoVGi66RtGokdY9aqYEywAnjnjW-BKasbCzY0uts-6yAFq33TCnFITna96zQ9zJg3bog5YN_7Eac5uwJrZgznvKDf3qH305zG8jsnGEgrLK-hUHxHhTTlnLBz6xQHn54cA7cV73biXRHvXsQ7WYa-vlbPzYDt28hf0wUQOyCXaFxh-rf7P7XPKcqL0A</recordid><startdate>20240901</startdate><enddate>20240901</enddate><creator>Huma, Zill-e-</creator><creator>Saleem, Sidrah</creator><creator>Imran, Muhammad</creator><creator>Raza, Syed Mohsin</creator><creator>Jabeen, Kokab</creator><creator>Arshad, Faiqa</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9228</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240901</creationdate><title>Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species</title><author>Huma, Zill-e- ; Saleem, Sidrah ; Imran, Muhammad ; Raza, Syed Mohsin ; Jabeen, Kokab ; Arshad, Faiqa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c256t-8a6612cb63ff59bb5ef11996c88c9302fa8ad01697b909cb7fc9307c5314abd33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Antifungal Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - genetics</topic><topic>ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - metabolism</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Candida</topic><topic>Candida - classification</topic><topic>Candida - drug effects</topic><topic>Candida - genetics</topic><topic>Candida - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Candidiasis - microbiology</topic><topic>Commensals</topic><topic>Cycloheximide</topic><topic>Cycloheximide - pharmacology</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal - genetics</topic><topic>ERG11 gene</topic><topic>Fluconazole</topic><topic>Food Microbiology</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Fungal Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>Gene frequency</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>High resistance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Itraconazole</topic><topic>Ketoconazole</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>MDR1 protein</topic><topic>Medical Microbiology</topic><topic>Medicine and Public Health - Research Paper</topic><topic>Microbial Ecology</topic><topic>Microbial Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Multidrug resistance</topic><topic>Mycology</topic><topic>Nystatin</topic><topic>Oral cavity</topic><topic>P-Glycoprotein</topic><topic>Pakistan</topic><topic>Plates</topic><topic>Real time</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huma, Zill-e-</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Sidrah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imran, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raza, Syed Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jabeen, Kokab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arshad, Faiqa</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Brazilian journal of microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huma, Zill-e-</au><au>Saleem, Sidrah</au><au>Imran, Muhammad</au><au>Raza, Syed Mohsin</au><au>Jabeen, Kokab</au><au>Arshad, Faiqa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species</atitle><jtitle>Brazilian journal of microbiology</jtitle><stitle>Braz J Microbiol</stitle><addtitle>Braz J Microbiol</addtitle><date>2024-09-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>2569</spage><epage>2579</epage><pages>2569-2579</pages><issn>1517-8382</issn><issn>1678-4405</issn><eissn>1678-4405</eissn><abstract>Candida
species are amongst the commensals of the mucosal surfaces of the human body which include the oral cavity, vagina, and intestinal mucosa. Fungal infections are on the rise worldwide. The overall burden of infections due to fungi is difficult to estimate because the majority of them remain undiagnosed. The present study aims to determine the burden of antifungal resistance in low socioeconomic country, Pakistan and the frequency of
ERG11
and
MDR1
genes involved. A total of 636
Candida
isolates were obtained from various tertiary care institutions in Lahore in the form of culture on various culture plates. Sabouraud agar culture plates were used to culture the
Candida
spp. Antifungal resistance was determined against Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin via disk diffusion technique. Most resistance was observed against Fluconazole followed by Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, and Nystatin. The
Candida
isolates recovering from CVP tip and tissue have a high resistance profile.
Candida
species resistant to at least two antifungals were chosen for further
ERG11
and
MDR1
detection through real-time PCR. Among 255
Candida
isolates, 240 contained
ERG11
gene while
MDR1
gene is present in 149
Candida
isolates. The isolates carrying both genes were tested by the broth microdilution technique for the susceptibility against cycloheximide, all of them were able to grow in cycloheximide. The genetic determinants of antifungal resistance such as
ERG11
and
MDR1
are as important in the multidrug resistance against a variety of compounds and antifungal drugs.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>38980650</pmid><doi>10.1007/s42770-024-01436-5</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-9228</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1517-8382 |
| ispartof | Brazilian journal of microbiology, 2024-09, Vol.55 (3), p.2569-2579 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Antifungal Agents - pharmacology ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - genetics ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B - metabolism Biomedical and Life Sciences Candida Candida - classification Candida - drug effects Candida - genetics Candida - isolation & purification Candidiasis - microbiology Commensals Cycloheximide Cycloheximide - pharmacology Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal - genetics ERG11 gene Fluconazole Food Microbiology Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Fungicides Gene frequency Genes High resistance Humans Itraconazole Ketoconazole Life Sciences MDR1 protein Medical Microbiology Medicine and Public Health - Research Paper Microbial Ecology Microbial Genetics and Genomics Microbial Sensitivity Tests Microbiology Multidrug resistance Mycology Nystatin Oral cavity P-Glycoprotein Pakistan Plates Real time |
| title | Role of ERG11 and MDR1 genes in cycloheximide and multidrug resistance in Candida species |
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