Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet
As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization 1 – 3 . It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from composition 4 , chemistry 5 , 6 , aerosols 7 to atmospheric dyna...
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| creator | Fu, Guangwei Welbanks, Luis Deming, Drake Inglis, Julie Zhang, Michael Lothringer, Joshua Ih, Jegug Moses, Julianne I. Schlawin, Everett Knutson, Heather A. Henry, Gregory Greene, Thomas Sing, David K. Savel, Arjun B. Kempton, Eliza M.-R. Louie, Dana R. Line, Michael Nixon, Matt |
| description | As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization
1
–
3
. It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from composition
4
, chemistry
5
,
6
, aerosols
7
to atmospheric dynamics
8
, escape
9
and modelling techniques
10
,
11
. Previous studies of HD 189733b have detected carbon and oxygen-bearing molecules H
2
O and CO (refs.
12
,
13
) in the atmosphere. The presence of CO
2
and CH
4
has been claimed
14
,
15
but later disputed
12
,
16
,
17
. The inferred metallicity based on these measurements, a key parameter in tracing planet formation locations
18
, varies from depletion
19
,
20
to enhancement
21
,
22
, hindered by limited wavelength coverage and precision of the observations. Here we report detections of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
) in the transmission spectrum (2.4–5.0 μm) of HD 189733b. With an equilibrium temperature of about 1,200 K, H
2
O, CO and H
2
S are the main reservoirs for oxygen, carbon and sulfur. Based on the measured abundances of these three main volatile elements, we infer an atmospheric metallicity of three to five times stellar. The upper limit on the methane abundance at 5
σ
is 0.1 ppm, which indicates a low carbon-to-oxygen ratio ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3077176615</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3077176615</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-ef393b783e62d45b2913a70f36927022ef50fa1cd0a5ae628dabf77ca5eace6a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EoqXwBxhQJBYWw9lObGdEFVCgEgvMlpuc21T5wk4k-u9JaQGJgemGe973Tg8h5wyuGQh9E2KWaEmBxxSUkkA3B2TMYiVpLLU6JGMAriloIUfkJIQ1ACRMxcdkJHSqFLB0TJ5nm9w3S6yj0JeuyDGydR5V2NmSYu2LbIV5ZLuqCe0KPUau8ZGNnvq26NDTyoYQ4UfTlrbG7pQcOVsGPNvPCXm7v3udzuj85eFxejunmQDoKDqRioXSAiXP42TBUyasAidkyhVwji4BZ1mWg03swOjcLpxSmU3QZiitmJCrXW_rm_ceQ2eqImRYbp9o-mDEYIMpKVkyoJd_0HXT-3r4zggGjGslki3Fd1TmmxA8OtP6orJ-YxiYrWqzU20G1eZLtdkMoYt9db-oMP-JfLsdALEDwrCql-h_b_9T-wljFoo0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3101287355</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Nature Journals Online</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Fu, Guangwei ; Welbanks, Luis ; Deming, Drake ; Inglis, Julie ; Zhang, Michael ; Lothringer, Joshua ; Ih, Jegug ; Moses, Julianne I. ; Schlawin, Everett ; Knutson, Heather A. ; Henry, Gregory ; Greene, Thomas ; Sing, David K. ; Savel, Arjun B. ; Kempton, Eliza M.-R. ; Louie, Dana R. ; Line, Michael ; Nixon, Matt</creator><creatorcontrib>Fu, Guangwei ; Welbanks, Luis ; Deming, Drake ; Inglis, Julie ; Zhang, Michael ; Lothringer, Joshua ; Ih, Jegug ; Moses, Julianne I. ; Schlawin, Everett ; Knutson, Heather A. ; Henry, Gregory ; Greene, Thomas ; Sing, David K. ; Savel, Arjun B. ; Kempton, Eliza M.-R. ; Louie, Dana R. ; Line, Michael ; Nixon, Matt</creatorcontrib><description>As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization
1
–
3
. It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from composition
4
, chemistry
5
,
6
, aerosols
7
to atmospheric dynamics
8
, escape
9
and modelling techniques
10
,
11
. Previous studies of HD 189733b have detected carbon and oxygen-bearing molecules H
2
O and CO (refs.
12
,
13
) in the atmosphere. The presence of CO
2
and CH
4
has been claimed
14
,
15
but later disputed
12
,
16
,
17
. The inferred metallicity based on these measurements, a key parameter in tracing planet formation locations
18
, varies from depletion
19
,
20
to enhancement
21
,
22
, hindered by limited wavelength coverage and precision of the observations. Here we report detections of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
) in the transmission spectrum (2.4–5.0 μm) of HD 189733b. With an equilibrium temperature of about 1,200 K, H
2
O, CO and H
2
S are the main reservoirs for oxygen, carbon and sulfur. Based on the measured abundances of these three main volatile elements, we infer an atmospheric metallicity of three to five times stellar. The upper limit on the methane abundance at 5
σ
is 0.1 ppm, which indicates a low carbon-to-oxygen ratio (<0.2), suggesting formation through the accretion of water-rich icy planetesimals. The low oxygen-to-sulfur and carbon-to-sulfur ratios also support the planetesimal accretion formation pathway
23
.
The exoplanet HD 189733b has a metal-enriched atmosphere with the possible presence of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38977019</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>639/33/34/862 ; 639/33/445/824 ; 639/33/445/862 ; Abundance ; Atmosphere ; Atmosphere - chemistry ; Atmospheric models ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide - analysis ; Carbon Monoxide - analysis ; Extrasolar planets ; Extraterrestrial Environment - chemistry ; Gas giant planets ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Hydrogen sulfide ; Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis ; Hydrogen Sulfide - chemistry ; Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism ; Jupiter ; Light ; Metallicity ; Metals - analysis ; Metals - chemistry ; Methane - analysis ; Methane - chemistry ; multidisciplinary ; Oxygen ; Planet formation ; Planetary atmospheres ; Planets ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Sulfur ; Temperature ; Water - analysis ; Water - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2024-08, Vol.632 (8026), p.752-756</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Aug 22, 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-ef393b783e62d45b2913a70f36927022ef50fa1cd0a5ae628dabf77ca5eace6a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0156-4564 ; 0000-0001-9164-7966 ; 0000-0002-3263-2251 ; 0000-0003-4155-8513 ; 0000-0001-8236-5553 ; 0000-0002-8963-8056 ; 0000-0002-8837-0035 ; 0000-0002-2454-768X ; 0000-0002-2457-272X ; 0000-0001-6247-8323 ; 0000-0001-6050-7645 ; 0000-0002-0659-1783 ; 0000-0003-3667-8633 ; 0000-0002-1337-9051</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38977019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fu, Guangwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welbanks, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deming, Drake</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inglis, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lothringer, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ih, Jegug</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moses, Julianne I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlawin, Everett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knutson, Heather A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henry, Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greene, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sing, David K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savel, Arjun B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kempton, Eliza M.-R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Dana R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Line, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nixon, Matt</creatorcontrib><title>Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization
1
–
3
. It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from composition
4
, chemistry
5
,
6
, aerosols
7
to atmospheric dynamics
8
, escape
9
and modelling techniques
10
,
11
. Previous studies of HD 189733b have detected carbon and oxygen-bearing molecules H
2
O and CO (refs.
12
,
13
) in the atmosphere. The presence of CO
2
and CH
4
has been claimed
14
,
15
but later disputed
12
,
16
,
17
. The inferred metallicity based on these measurements, a key parameter in tracing planet formation locations
18
, varies from depletion
19
,
20
to enhancement
21
,
22
, hindered by limited wavelength coverage and precision of the observations. Here we report detections of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
) in the transmission spectrum (2.4–5.0 μm) of HD 189733b. With an equilibrium temperature of about 1,200 K, H
2
O, CO and H
2
S are the main reservoirs for oxygen, carbon and sulfur. Based on the measured abundances of these three main volatile elements, we infer an atmospheric metallicity of three to five times stellar. The upper limit on the methane abundance at 5
σ
is 0.1 ppm, which indicates a low carbon-to-oxygen ratio (<0.2), suggesting formation through the accretion of water-rich icy planetesimals. The low oxygen-to-sulfur and carbon-to-sulfur ratios also support the planetesimal accretion formation pathway
23
.
The exoplanet HD 189733b has a metal-enriched atmosphere with the possible presence of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
).</description><subject>639/33/34/862</subject><subject>639/33/445/824</subject><subject>639/33/445/862</subject><subject>Abundance</subject><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmosphere - chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</subject><subject>Carbon Monoxide - analysis</subject><subject>Extrasolar planets</subject><subject>Extraterrestrial Environment - chemistry</subject><subject>Gas giant planets</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Hydrogen sulfide</subject><subject>Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrogen Sulfide - chemistry</subject><subject>Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism</subject><subject>Jupiter</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Metallicity</subject><subject>Metals - analysis</subject><subject>Metals - chemistry</subject><subject>Methane - analysis</subject><subject>Methane - chemistry</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Planet formation</subject><subject>Planetary atmospheres</subject><subject>Planets</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Water - analysis</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kD1PwzAQhi0EoqXwBxhQJBYWw9lObGdEFVCgEgvMlpuc21T5wk4k-u9JaQGJgemGe973Tg8h5wyuGQh9E2KWaEmBxxSUkkA3B2TMYiVpLLU6JGMAriloIUfkJIQ1ACRMxcdkJHSqFLB0TJ5nm9w3S6yj0JeuyDGydR5V2NmSYu2LbIV5ZLuqCe0KPUau8ZGNnvq26NDTyoYQ4UfTlrbG7pQcOVsGPNvPCXm7v3udzuj85eFxejunmQDoKDqRioXSAiXP42TBUyasAidkyhVwji4BZ1mWg03swOjcLpxSmU3QZiitmJCrXW_rm_ceQ2eqImRYbp9o-mDEYIMpKVkyoJd_0HXT-3r4zggGjGslki3Fd1TmmxA8OtP6orJ-YxiYrWqzU20G1eZLtdkMoYt9db-oMP-JfLsdALEDwrCql-h_b_9T-wljFoo0</recordid><startdate>20240822</startdate><enddate>20240822</enddate><creator>Fu, Guangwei</creator><creator>Welbanks, Luis</creator><creator>Deming, Drake</creator><creator>Inglis, Julie</creator><creator>Zhang, Michael</creator><creator>Lothringer, Joshua</creator><creator>Ih, Jegug</creator><creator>Moses, Julianne I.</creator><creator>Schlawin, Everett</creator><creator>Knutson, Heather A.</creator><creator>Henry, Gregory</creator><creator>Greene, Thomas</creator><creator>Sing, David K.</creator><creator>Savel, Arjun B.</creator><creator>Kempton, Eliza M.-R.</creator><creator>Louie, Dana R.</creator><creator>Line, Michael</creator><creator>Nixon, Matt</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-4564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9164-7966</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-2251</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4155-8513</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-5553</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-8056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8837-0035</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2454-768X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2457-272X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-8323</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-7645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0659-1783</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-8633</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-9051</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240822</creationdate><title>Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet</title><author>Fu, Guangwei ; Welbanks, Luis ; Deming, Drake ; Inglis, Julie ; Zhang, Michael ; Lothringer, Joshua ; Ih, Jegug ; Moses, Julianne I. ; Schlawin, Everett ; Knutson, Heather A. ; Henry, Gregory ; Greene, Thomas ; Sing, David K. ; Savel, Arjun B. ; Kempton, Eliza M.-R. ; Louie, Dana R. ; Line, Michael ; Nixon, Matt</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c300t-ef393b783e62d45b2913a70f36927022ef50fa1cd0a5ae628dabf77ca5eace6a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>639/33/34/862</topic><topic>639/33/445/824</topic><topic>639/33/445/862</topic><topic>Abundance</topic><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmosphere - chemistry</topic><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon Dioxide - analysis</topic><topic>Carbon Monoxide - analysis</topic><topic>Extrasolar planets</topic><topic>Extraterrestrial Environment - chemistry</topic><topic>Gas giant planets</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Hydrogen sulfide</topic><topic>Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis</topic><topic>Hydrogen Sulfide - chemistry</topic><topic>Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism</topic><topic>Jupiter</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Metallicity</topic><topic>Metals - analysis</topic><topic>Metals - chemistry</topic><topic>Methane - analysis</topic><topic>Methane - chemistry</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Planet formation</topic><topic>Planetary atmospheres</topic><topic>Planets</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Water - analysis</topic><topic>Water - chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fu, Guangwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Welbanks, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deming, Drake</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inglis, Julie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lothringer, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ih, Jegug</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moses, Julianne I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlawin, Everett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knutson, Heather A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henry, Gregory</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greene, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sing, David K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Savel, Arjun B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kempton, Eliza M.-R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Dana R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Line, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nixon, Matt</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fu, Guangwei</au><au>Welbanks, Luis</au><au>Deming, Drake</au><au>Inglis, Julie</au><au>Zhang, Michael</au><au>Lothringer, Joshua</au><au>Ih, Jegug</au><au>Moses, Julianne I.</au><au>Schlawin, Everett</au><au>Knutson, Heather A.</au><au>Henry, Gregory</au><au>Greene, Thomas</au><au>Sing, David K.</au><au>Savel, Arjun B.</au><au>Kempton, Eliza M.-R.</au><au>Louie, Dana R.</au><au>Line, Michael</au><au>Nixon, Matt</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2024-08-22</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>632</volume><issue>8026</issue><spage>752</spage><epage>756</epage><pages>752-756</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization
1
–
3
. It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from composition
4
, chemistry
5
,
6
, aerosols
7
to atmospheric dynamics
8
, escape
9
and modelling techniques
10
,
11
. Previous studies of HD 189733b have detected carbon and oxygen-bearing molecules H
2
O and CO (refs.
12
,
13
) in the atmosphere. The presence of CO
2
and CH
4
has been claimed
14
,
15
but later disputed
12
,
16
,
17
. The inferred metallicity based on these measurements, a key parameter in tracing planet formation locations
18
, varies from depletion
19
,
20
to enhancement
21
,
22
, hindered by limited wavelength coverage and precision of the observations. Here we report detections of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
) in the transmission spectrum (2.4–5.0 μm) of HD 189733b. With an equilibrium temperature of about 1,200 K, H
2
O, CO and H
2
S are the main reservoirs for oxygen, carbon and sulfur. Based on the measured abundances of these three main volatile elements, we infer an atmospheric metallicity of three to five times stellar. The upper limit on the methane abundance at 5
σ
is 0.1 ppm, which indicates a low carbon-to-oxygen ratio (<0.2), suggesting formation through the accretion of water-rich icy planetesimals. The low oxygen-to-sulfur and carbon-to-sulfur ratios also support the planetesimal accretion formation pathway
23
.
The exoplanet HD 189733b has a metal-enriched atmosphere with the possible presence of H
2
O (13.4
σ
), CO
2
(11.2
σ
), CO (5
σ
) and H
2
S (4.5
σ
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| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
| ispartof | Nature (London), 2024-08, Vol.632 (8026), p.752-756 |
| issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 1476-4687 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3077176615 |
| source | MEDLINE; Nature Journals Online; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 639/33/34/862 639/33/445/824 639/33/445/862 Abundance Atmosphere Atmosphere - chemistry Atmospheric models Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Carbon Monoxide - analysis Extrasolar planets Extraterrestrial Environment - chemistry Gas giant planets Humanities and Social Sciences Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide - analysis Hydrogen Sulfide - chemistry Hydrogen Sulfide - metabolism Jupiter Light Metallicity Metals - analysis Metals - chemistry Methane - analysis Methane - chemistry multidisciplinary Oxygen Planet formation Planetary atmospheres Planets Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sulfur Temperature Water - analysis Water - chemistry |
| title | Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T16%3A38%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hydrogen%20sulfide%20and%20metal-enriched%20atmosphere%20for%20a%20Jupiter-mass%20exoplanet&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=Fu,%20Guangwei&rft.date=2024-08-22&rft.volume=632&rft.issue=8026&rft.spage=752&rft.epage=756&rft.pages=752-756&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3077176615%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=3101287355&rft_id=info:pmid/38977019&rfr_iscdi=true |