The Posterior Insular Cortex is Necessary for Feeding-Induced Jejunal Myoelectrical Activity in Male Rats

•Feeding induced increases in the amplitudes of jejunal myoelectrical signals.•The feeding-induced increase was abolished by vagotomy.•The feeding-induced increase was abolished by posterior insular cortical inhibition.•Feeding changed the autonomic activity.•These changes were abolished by posterior insular cortical inhibition. The gastrointestinal tract exhibits coordinated muscle motility in response to food digestion, which is regulated by the central nervous system through autonomic control. The insular cortex is one of the brain regions that may regulate the muscle motility. In this study, we examined whether, and how, the insular cortex, especially the posterior part, regulates gastrointestinal motility by recording jejunal myoelectrical signals in response to feeding in freely moving male rats. Feeding was found to induce increases in jejunal myoelectrical signal amplitudes. This increase in the jejunal myoelectrical signals was abolished by vagotomy and pharmacological inhibition of the posterior insular cortex. Additionally, feeding induced a decrease and increase in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities, respectively, both of which were eliminated by posterior insular cortical inhibition. These results suggest that the posterior insular cortex regulates jejunal motility in response to feeding by modulating autonomic tone.