Common human leucocyte antigensassociated with the development of subacute thyroiditis and COVID-19

Case reports of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) following coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) have been reported. Because the relationship between SAT and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles is known, we aimed to determine HLA alleles that may predispose a patient to coronavirus infection and/or post-COVID-19 SAT. This retrospective study was conducted in 51 patients with SAT and 190 healthy bone marrow donor volunteers. HLA-A, −B, −C, −DRB1, and −DQB1 were genotyped using next-generation sequencing. The study population was grouped into four groups according to SAT and COVID-19 history. The frequency of HLA-DQB1*04:02 was higher in the COVID-19(−) participants than in the COVID-19(+) participants (=0.045). The presence of HLA-DQB1*04:02 was associated with a lower risk of developing COVID-19 in all groups. The frequencies of HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*35:03, HLA-DRB1*12:01, and HLA-DRB1*14:01 were different in the SAT(+) group than in the SAT(−) group in COVID-19(−) group. The frequencies of HLA-C*12:03, HLA-DQB1*06:04, HLA-DRB1*13:02, and HLA-DRB1*13:03 were different in the SAT(+) group than in the SAT(−) group in the COVID-19 (+) group. The difference in the frequency of these HLA types remains significant when the four groups are included together as follows: In the COVID-19(+) group, the frequencies of HLA-DRB1*13:02, and HLA-DRB1*13:03 were higher in the SAT(+) group than in the SAT(−) group. In the COVID-19(−) group, the frequencies of HLA-B*35:03, HLA-DRB1*12:01, and HLA-DRB1*14:01 were higher in the SAT (+) group than in the SAT(−) group. HLA alleles associated with SAT susceptibility may vary with COVID-19 history.