Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and infant birth outcomes: Evidence from a population‐wide database

There are growing concerns about the impact of pollution on maternal and infant health. Despite an extensive correlational literature, observational studies which adopt methods that seek to address potential biases due to unmeasured confounders draw mixed conclusions. Using a population database of...

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Veröffentlicht in:Health economics 2024-09, Vol.33 (9), p.2182-2200
Hauptverfasser: Jahanshahi, Babak, Johnston, Brian, McGovern, Mark E., McVicar, Duncan, O’Reilly, Dermot, Rowland, Neil, Vlachos, Stavros
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container_end_page 2200
container_issue 9
container_start_page 2182
container_title Health economics
container_volume 33
creator Jahanshahi, Babak
Johnston, Brian
McGovern, Mark E.
McVicar, Duncan
O’Reilly, Dermot
Rowland, Neil
Vlachos, Stavros
description There are growing concerns about the impact of pollution on maternal and infant health. Despite an extensive correlational literature, observational studies which adopt methods that seek to address potential biases due to unmeasured confounders draw mixed conclusions. Using a population database of births in Northern Ireland (NI) linked to localized geographic information on pollution in mothers' postcodes (zipcodes) of residence during pregnancy, we examine whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5 is associated with a comprehensive range of birth outcomes, including placental health. Overall, we find little evidence that particulate matter is related to infant outcomes at the pollution levels experienced in NI, once we implement a mother fixed effects approach that accounts for time‐invariant factors. This contrasts with strong associations in models that adjust for observed confounders but without fixed effects. While reducing ambient air pollution remains an urgent public health priority globally, our results imply that further improvements in short‐run levels of prenatal PM2.5 exposure in a relatively low‐pollution, higher‐income country context, are unlikely to impact on birth outcomes at the population level.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/hec.4862
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subjects Adult
Air Pollutants - adverse effects
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air pollution
Air Pollution - adverse effects
Babies
Birth weight
Births
Childbirth & labor
Databases, Factual
Female
Geographic information systems
Health status
Humans
infant outcomes
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Low income groups
Maternal & child health
Maternal and infant welfare
Maternal characteristics
Maternal Exposure - adverse effects
mother fixed‐effects
Mothers
Northern Ireland - epidemiology
Observational studies
Outdoor air quality
particulate matter
Particulate Matter - adverse effects
Particulate Matter - analysis
Placenta
Pollution
Population-based studies
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology
Prenatal care
Prenatal exposure
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Public health
title Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and infant birth outcomes: Evidence from a population‐wide database
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