Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats
BACKGROUND Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l‐Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the science of food and agriculture 2024-10, Vol.104 (13), p.8230-8239 |
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| creator | Xu, Kai‐Hang Yang, Di‐Fei Liu, Meng‐Yuan Xu, Wei Li, Yin‐Hua Xiao, Wen‐Jun |
| description | BACKGROUND
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l‐Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with alcohol for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Subsequently, for another 6 weeks, the rats were administered LTA (200 mg kg−1 day−1), EGCG (200 mg kg−1 day−1), or a combination of LTA with EGCG (40 mg kg−1 day−1 l‐Thea +160 mg kg−1 day−1 EGCG), respectively.
RESULTS
The combined use of LTA and EGCG for alcoholic fatty liver disease had more significant effects than their individual administration. This combination reduced the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rats. The combined intervention also increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Reductions in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory responses were observed. The mechanism underlying these effects primarily involved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the alleviation of lipid peroxidation through the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of TNF‐α, SREBP1c, and CYP2E1 and the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of ADH1, ALDH2, Lipin‐1, PPARαPPARα, AMPK, and PGC‐1α, thereby promoting the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and glucose.
CONCLUSION
l‐Theanine and EGCG appear to be able to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver by modulating lipid metabolism and ameliorating oxidative stress, indicating their potential as natural active ingredients in anti‐alcoholic fatty liver food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jsfa.13658 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3068751067</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3068751067</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2468-7212ff4e39e13cef50a75ef82491478f259683b74734edf7e4ce883e533b1e7b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kb9uFDEQxi1ERI5AwwMgSzQIaYP_7douo4iQoEgpgNry-sacT7v2YfsSXUdJyTPyJPHlAgUF1cx4fvPNWB9Cryg5pYSw9-vi7SnlQ6-eoAUlWnaEUPIULVqTdT0V7Bg9L2VNCNF6GJ6hY66U5HoQC_TzEja2pk1OFVwNt4DB-5YVbOMSz-BWNoYyF5w8nn7_-FVX0B4iPLRhE77ZaUrOtuFViHhftRy7NI8NWuIQK-RbiDWk2ApsJ5dWaQoOe1vrDk9tY8bZ1vICHXk7FXj5GE_Q14sPX84vu-ubj1fnZ9edY2JQnWSUeS-Aa6Dcge-JlT14xYSmQirPej0oPkohuYCllyAcKMWh53ykIEd-gt4edNuXv2-hVDOH4qDdHSFti-FkULKnZJANffMPuk7bHNt1hlMqKNNSi0a9O1Aup1IyeLPJYbZ5Zygxe3_M3h_z4E-DXz9KbscZln_RP4Y0gB6AuzDB7j9S5tPni7OD6D1c053s</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3114129794</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Xu, Kai‐Hang ; Yang, Di‐Fei ; Liu, Meng‐Yuan ; Xu, Wei ; Li, Yin‐Hua ; Xiao, Wen‐Jun</creator><creatorcontrib>Xu, Kai‐Hang ; Yang, Di‐Fei ; Liu, Meng‐Yuan ; Xu, Wei ; Li, Yin‐Hua ; Xiao, Wen‐Jun</creatorcontrib><description>BACKGROUND
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l‐Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with alcohol for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Subsequently, for another 6 weeks, the rats were administered LTA (200 mg kg−1 day−1), EGCG (200 mg kg−1 day−1), or a combination of LTA with EGCG (40 mg kg−1 day−1 l‐Thea +160 mg kg−1 day−1 EGCG), respectively.
RESULTS
The combined use of LTA and EGCG for alcoholic fatty liver disease had more significant effects than their individual administration. This combination reduced the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rats. The combined intervention also increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Reductions in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory responses were observed. The mechanism underlying these effects primarily involved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the alleviation of lipid peroxidation through the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of TNF‐α, SREBP1c, and CYP2E1 and the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of ADH1, ALDH2, Lipin‐1, PPARαPPARα, AMPK, and PGC‐1α, thereby promoting the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and glucose.
CONCLUSION
l‐Theanine and EGCG appear to be able to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver by modulating lipid metabolism and ameliorating oxidative stress, indicating their potential as natural active ingredients in anti‐alcoholic fatty liver food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5142</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-0010</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13658</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38873964</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Alanine ; Alanine transaminase ; Alanine Transaminase - blood ; Alanine Transaminase - metabolism ; alcoholic fatty liver disease ; Aldehyde dehydrogenase ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Aspartate aminotransferase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism ; Catechin - administration & dosage ; Catechin - analogs & derivatives ; Cholesterol ; combined intervention ; EGCG ; Epigallocatechin gallate ; Fatty acids ; Fatty liver ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - drug therapy ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - metabolism ; Food industry ; Gene expression ; Glucose metabolism ; Glutamates - administration & dosage ; Glutathione ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Health risks ; Humans ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipids ; Liver ; Liver - drug effects ; Liver - metabolism ; Liver diseases ; l‐theanine ; Male ; Malondialdehyde - metabolism ; mRNA ; Oxidative metabolism ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Peroxidase ; Peroxidation ; Protective Agents - administration & dosage ; Protective Agents - pharmacology ; protective effect ; Protein biosynthesis ; Protein expression ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive oxygen species ; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism ; Superoxide dismutase ; Synthesis ; Theanine ; Transaminases ; Transcription ; Triglycerides ; Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2024-10, Vol.104 (13), p.8230-8239</ispartof><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</rights><rights>2024 Society of Chemical Industry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2468-7212ff4e39e13cef50a75ef82491478f259683b74734edf7e4ce883e533b1e7b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6258-4414</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13658$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fjsfa.13658$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38873964$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu, Kai‐Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Di‐Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Meng‐Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yin‐Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Wen‐Jun</creatorcontrib><title>Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats</title><title>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</title><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l‐Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with alcohol for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Subsequently, for another 6 weeks, the rats were administered LTA (200 mg kg−1 day−1), EGCG (200 mg kg−1 day−1), or a combination of LTA with EGCG (40 mg kg−1 day−1 l‐Thea +160 mg kg−1 day−1 EGCG), respectively.
RESULTS
The combined use of LTA and EGCG for alcoholic fatty liver disease had more significant effects than their individual administration. This combination reduced the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rats. The combined intervention also increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Reductions in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory responses were observed. The mechanism underlying these effects primarily involved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the alleviation of lipid peroxidation through the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of TNF‐α, SREBP1c, and CYP2E1 and the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of ADH1, ALDH2, Lipin‐1, PPARαPPARα, AMPK, and PGC‐1α, thereby promoting the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and glucose.
CONCLUSION
l‐Theanine and EGCG appear to be able to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver by modulating lipid metabolism and ameliorating oxidative stress, indicating their potential as natural active ingredients in anti‐alcoholic fatty liver food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</description><subject>Alanine</subject><subject>Alanine transaminase</subject><subject>Alanine Transaminase - blood</subject><subject>Alanine Transaminase - metabolism</subject><subject>alcoholic fatty liver disease</subject><subject>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Aspartate aminotransferase</subject><subject>Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood</subject><subject>Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism</subject><subject>Catechin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Catechin - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>combined intervention</subject><subject>EGCG</subject><subject>Epigallocatechin gallate</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty liver</subject><subject>Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - drug therapy</subject><subject>Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - metabolism</subject><subject>Food industry</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Glucose metabolism</subject><subject>Glutamates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver - metabolism</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>l‐theanine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Oxidative metabolism</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Peroxidase</subject><subject>Peroxidation</subject><subject>Protective Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Protective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>protective effect</subject><subject>Protein biosynthesis</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Theanine</subject><subject>Transaminases</subject><subject>Transcription</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Triglycerides - metabolism</subject><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kb9uFDEQxi1ERI5AwwMgSzQIaYP_7douo4iQoEgpgNry-sacT7v2YfsSXUdJyTPyJPHlAgUF1cx4fvPNWB9Cryg5pYSw9-vi7SnlQ6-eoAUlWnaEUPIULVqTdT0V7Bg9L2VNCNF6GJ6hY66U5HoQC_TzEja2pk1OFVwNt4DB-5YVbOMSz-BWNoYyF5w8nn7_-FVX0B4iPLRhE77ZaUrOtuFViHhftRy7NI8NWuIQK-RbiDWk2ApsJ5dWaQoOe1vrDk9tY8bZ1vICHXk7FXj5GE_Q14sPX84vu-ubj1fnZ9edY2JQnWSUeS-Aa6Dcge-JlT14xYSmQirPej0oPkohuYCllyAcKMWh53ykIEd-gt4edNuXv2-hVDOH4qDdHSFti-FkULKnZJANffMPuk7bHNt1hlMqKNNSi0a9O1Aup1IyeLPJYbZ5Zygxe3_M3h_z4E-DXz9KbscZln_RP4Y0gB6AuzDB7j9S5tPni7OD6D1c053s</recordid><startdate>202410</startdate><enddate>202410</enddate><creator>Xu, Kai‐Hang</creator><creator>Yang, Di‐Fei</creator><creator>Liu, Meng‐Yuan</creator><creator>Xu, Wei</creator><creator>Li, Yin‐Hua</creator><creator>Xiao, Wen‐Jun</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>John Wiley and Sons, Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-4414</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202410</creationdate><title>Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats</title><author>Xu, Kai‐Hang ; Yang, Di‐Fei ; Liu, Meng‐Yuan ; Xu, Wei ; Li, Yin‐Hua ; Xiao, Wen‐Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2468-7212ff4e39e13cef50a75ef82491478f259683b74734edf7e4ce883e533b1e7b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Alanine</topic><topic>Alanine transaminase</topic><topic>Alanine Transaminase - blood</topic><topic>Alanine Transaminase - metabolism</topic><topic>alcoholic fatty liver disease</topic><topic>Aldehyde dehydrogenase</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Aspartate aminotransferase</topic><topic>Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood</topic><topic>Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism</topic><topic>Catechin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Catechin - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>combined intervention</topic><topic>EGCG</topic><topic>Epigallocatechin gallate</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty liver</topic><topic>Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - drug therapy</topic><topic>Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - metabolism</topic><topic>Food industry</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Glucose metabolism</topic><topic>Glutamates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione peroxidase</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lipid metabolism</topic><topic>Lipid peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver - drug effects</topic><topic>Liver - metabolism</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>l‐theanine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</topic><topic>mRNA</topic><topic>Oxidative metabolism</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Peroxidase</topic><topic>Peroxidation</topic><topic>Protective Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Protective Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>protective effect</topic><topic>Protein biosynthesis</topic><topic>Protein expression</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Synthesis</topic><topic>Theanine</topic><topic>Transaminases</topic><topic>Transcription</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><topic>Triglycerides - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu, Kai‐Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Di‐Fei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Meng‐Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yin‐Hua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Wen‐Jun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Kai‐Hang</au><au>Yang, Di‐Fei</au><au>Liu, Meng‐Yuan</au><au>Xu, Wei</au><au>Li, Yin‐Hua</au><au>Xiao, Wen‐Jun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the science of food and agriculture</jtitle><addtitle>J Sci Food Agric</addtitle><date>2024-10</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>104</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>8230</spage><epage>8239</epage><pages>8230-8239</pages><issn>0022-5142</issn><issn>1097-0010</issn><eissn>1097-0010</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND
Chronic excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic fatty liver, posing substantial health risks. l‐Theanine (LTA) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in tea exert antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. However, the combined effects of LTA and EGCG on rats with alcoholic fatty liver, and the underlying mechanisms of such effects, remain unclear. In this study, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed with alcohol for 6 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Subsequently, for another 6 weeks, the rats were administered LTA (200 mg kg−1 day−1), EGCG (200 mg kg−1 day−1), or a combination of LTA with EGCG (40 mg kg−1 day−1 l‐Thea +160 mg kg−1 day−1 EGCG), respectively.
RESULTS
The combined use of LTA and EGCG for alcoholic fatty liver disease had more significant effects than their individual administration. This combination reduced the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rats. The combined intervention also increased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activity. Reductions in hepatic fat accumulation and inflammatory responses were observed. The mechanism underlying these effects primarily involved the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and the alleviation of lipid peroxidation through the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of TNF‐α, SREBP1c, and CYP2E1 and the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of ADH1, ALDH2, Lipin‐1, PPARαPPARα, AMPK, and PGC‐1α, thereby promoting the oxidative decomposition of fatty acids and reducing the synthesis of cholesterol and glucose.
CONCLUSION
l‐Theanine and EGCG appear to be able to alleviate alcoholic fatty liver by modulating lipid metabolism and ameliorating oxidative stress, indicating their potential as natural active ingredients in anti‐alcoholic fatty liver food products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>38873964</pmid><doi>10.1002/jsfa.13658</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-4414</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alanine Alanine transaminase Alanine Transaminase - blood Alanine Transaminase - metabolism alcoholic fatty liver disease Aldehyde dehydrogenase Animals Antioxidants Aspartate aminotransferase Aspartate Aminotransferases - blood Aspartate Aminotransferases - metabolism Catechin - administration & dosage Catechin - analogs & derivatives Cholesterol combined intervention EGCG Epigallocatechin gallate Fatty acids Fatty liver Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - drug therapy Fatty Liver, Alcoholic - metabolism Food industry Gene expression Glucose metabolism Glutamates - administration & dosage Glutathione Glutathione peroxidase Health risks Humans Lipid metabolism Lipid peroxidation Lipids Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver diseases l‐theanine Male Malondialdehyde - metabolism mRNA Oxidative metabolism Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Peroxidase Peroxidation Protective Agents - administration & dosage Protective Agents - pharmacology protective effect Protein biosynthesis Protein expression Proteins Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Superoxide dismutase Synthesis Theanine Transaminases Transcription Triglycerides Triglycerides - metabolism |
| title | Hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of l‐theanine and epigallocatechin gallate combined intervention in alcoholic fatty liver rats |
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