Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions
Abstract The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species,...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991) N.Y. 1991), 2024-06, Vol.34 (6) |
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creator | Foubet, Ophelie Mangin, Jean-François Sun, Zhong Yi Sherwood, Chet C Hopkins, William D |
description | Abstract
The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus. In this study, we used post-image analyses on magnetic resonance images to characterize the central sulcus shape of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Using these data, we examined the morphological variability of central sulcus in hominids, focusing on the hand region, a significant change in human evolution. We show that the central sulcus shape differs between great ape species, but all show similar variations in the location of their hand knob. However, the prevalence of the knob location along the dorso-ventral plane and lateralization differs between species and the presence of a second ventral motor knob seems to be unique to humans. Humans and orangutans exhibit the most similar and complex central sulcus shapes. However, their similarities may reflect divergent evolutionary processes related to selection for different positional and habitual locomotor functions. |
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The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus. In this study, we used post-image analyses on magnetic resonance images to characterize the central sulcus shape of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Using these data, we examined the morphological variability of central sulcus in hominids, focusing on the hand region, a significant change in human evolution. We show that the central sulcus shape differs between great ape species, but all show similar variations in the location of their hand knob. However, the prevalence of the knob location along the dorso-ventral plane and lateralization differs between species and the presence of a second ventral motor knob seems to be unique to humans. Humans and orangutans exhibit the most similar and complex central sulcus shapes. However, their similarities may reflect divergent evolutionary processes related to selection for different positional and habitual locomotor functions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-3211</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1460-2199</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2199</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae232</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38869374</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adult ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Female ; Gorilla gorilla - anatomy & histology ; Gorilla gorilla - physiology ; Hand - anatomy & histology ; Hand - physiology ; Hominidae - anatomy & histology ; Hominidae - physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Motor Cortex - anatomy & histology ; Motor Cortex - diagnostic imaging ; Motor Cortex - physiology ; Pan troglodytes - anatomy & histology ; Pan troglodytes - physiology ; Phylogeny ; Pongo abelii - anatomy & histology ; Pongo abelii - physiology ; Pongo pygmaeus - anatomy & histology ; Pongo pygmaeus - physiology ; Species Specificity ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991), 2024-06, Vol.34 (6)</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c284t-ca429dba39db3c1e7584e21972ee9dc02864b0064f77dbb8c5e9cd3362c1f833</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3480-1853</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1578,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38869374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Foubet, Ophelie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mangin, Jean-François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Zhong Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherwood, Chet C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, William D</creatorcontrib><title>Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions</title><title>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</title><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><description>Abstract
The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus. In this study, we used post-image analyses on magnetic resonance images to characterize the central sulcus shape of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Using these data, we examined the morphological variability of central sulcus in hominids, focusing on the hand region, a significant change in human evolution. We show that the central sulcus shape differs between great ape species, but all show similar variations in the location of their hand knob. However, the prevalence of the knob location along the dorso-ventral plane and lateralization differs between species and the presence of a second ventral motor knob seems to be unique to humans. Humans and orangutans exhibit the most similar and complex central sulcus shapes. However, their similarities may reflect divergent evolutionary processes related to selection for different positional and habitual locomotor functions.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gorilla gorilla - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Gorilla gorilla - physiology</subject><subject>Hand - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Hand - physiology</subject><subject>Hominidae - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Hominidae - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Motor Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - physiology</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Pongo abelii - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Pongo abelii - physiology</subject><subject>Pongo pygmaeus - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Pongo pygmaeus - physiology</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1047-3211</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkTtv3DAQhAkjQfxIWpcBy7iQzddJYjrDiB-AAadwL1CrpaVAIhVSNHB_JL83PN3ZrRuSGH4zwO4Qcs7ZJWdaXgEG8OGq7Q0KKY7ICVclKwTX-lN-M1UVUnB-TE5j_MMYr8RGfCHHsq5LLSt1Qv797rejf0GHywC0G6zFgA4w0sHRpUc6-TD3PiNbalxHY29mpN6uf4BuCWakMY2QVsdLQLPQjMSV7tNkXPxJh2keBzDL4F2k1ofVja9-TDtpFzf5Jcs2OVihr-SzNWPEb4f7jDzf_nq-uS8en-4ebq4fCxC1WgowSuiuNTIfEjhWm1phHr4SiLoDJupStYyVylZV17Y1bFBDJ2UpgNtayjPyYx87B_83YVyaaYiA42gc-hQbycpKc7XRZUYv9ygEH2NA28xhmEzYNpw1uyqafRXNoYps-H7ITu2E3Tv-tvsMXOwBn-aPwv4Dp3mZDQ</recordid><startdate>20240604</startdate><enddate>20240604</enddate><creator>Foubet, Ophelie</creator><creator>Mangin, Jean-François</creator><creator>Sun, Zhong Yi</creator><creator>Sherwood, Chet C</creator><creator>Hopkins, William D</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-1853</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240604</creationdate><title>Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions</title><author>Foubet, Ophelie ; Mangin, Jean-François ; Sun, Zhong Yi ; Sherwood, Chet C ; Hopkins, William D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c284t-ca429dba39db3c1e7584e21972ee9dc02864b0064f77dbb8c5e9cd3362c1f833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gorilla gorilla - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Gorilla gorilla - physiology</topic><topic>Hand - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Hand - physiology</topic><topic>Hominidae - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Hominidae - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Motor Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Pan troglodytes - physiology</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Pongo abelii - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Pongo abelii - physiology</topic><topic>Pongo pygmaeus - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Pongo pygmaeus - physiology</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Foubet, Ophelie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mangin, Jean-François</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Zhong Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherwood, Chet C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkins, William D</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Foubet, Ophelie</au><au>Mangin, Jean-François</au><au>Sun, Zhong Yi</au><au>Sherwood, Chet C</au><au>Hopkins, William D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions</atitle><jtitle>Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. 1991)</jtitle><addtitle>Cereb Cortex</addtitle><date>2024-06-04</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>6</issue><issn>1047-3211</issn><issn>1460-2199</issn><eissn>1460-2199</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The central sulcus divides the primary motor and somatosensory cortices in many anthropoid primate brains. Differences exist in the surface area and depth of the central sulcus along the dorso-ventral plane in great apes and humans compared to other primate species. Within hominid species, there are variations in the depth and aspect of their hand motor area, or knob, within the precentral gyrus. In this study, we used post-image analyses on magnetic resonance images to characterize the central sulcus shape of humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Using these data, we examined the morphological variability of central sulcus in hominids, focusing on the hand region, a significant change in human evolution. We show that the central sulcus shape differs between great ape species, but all show similar variations in the location of their hand knob. However, the prevalence of the knob location along the dorso-ventral plane and lateralization differs between species and the presence of a second ventral motor knob seems to be unique to humans. Humans and orangutans exhibit the most similar and complex central sulcus shapes. However, their similarities may reflect divergent evolutionary processes related to selection for different positional and habitual locomotor functions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>38869374</pmid><doi>10.1093/cercor/bhae232</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-1853</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Animals Biological Evolution Female Gorilla gorilla - anatomy & histology Gorilla gorilla - physiology Hand - anatomy & histology Hand - physiology Hominidae - anatomy & histology Hominidae - physiology Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Motor Cortex - anatomy & histology Motor Cortex - diagnostic imaging Motor Cortex - physiology Pan troglodytes - anatomy & histology Pan troglodytes - physiology Phylogeny Pongo abelii - anatomy & histology Pongo abelii - physiology Pongo pygmaeus - anatomy & histology Pongo pygmaeus - physiology Species Specificity Young Adult |
title | Phylogenetic differences in the morphology and shape of the central sulcus in great apes and humans: implications for the evolution of motor functions |
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