Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis
Background Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders. Methods Eligible TIDE...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Endocrine 2024, Vol.86 (1), p.173-185 |
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| description | Background
Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders.
Methods
Eligible TIDE (Thyroid Diseases, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiology) subjects (n = 47,710) were screened with inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thyroid disorder prevalence among different TyG index groups was stratified by sex. Logistic regression evaluated the correlation between the TyG index and thyroid disorders. Multiple linear regression evaluated the association between the TyG index and TSH. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using published genome-wide association study data evaluated causality in the association between the TyG index and TSH.
Results
Men and women with greater TyG indices had a significantly greater prevalence of thyroid disorders than individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3060375129</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>3060375129</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-6d0796510e61cc06b31b17b4d365d4300894b8cfa3353a9773fb590130f3dfb53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc9u1DAQxiNERUvhBTggS1y4mI7ttZNwqyr-Sa24wNly7MniKhsXT1IIL8Br490UqDhwmhnNb74Z-6uqZwJeCYD6jIQECRzkhoNqdMP1g-pEaN1yKP2H9_Lj6jHRNYCU0tSPqmPV1I1sjDypfp4TJR_dFNPIOpy-IY5s-oJsynE7LB5zDMi3w-wTIYtjwO_MjaEgS04xsBAp5YCZXjPHfE5EnNDv1dzAaM63uBz4KyyjQ3Qjy6VMu_hjXekKt1CkJ9VR7wbCp3fxtPr89s2ni_f88uO7Dxfnl9wraSZuAtSt0QLQCO_BdEp0ou42QRkdNgqgaTdd43unlFaurWvVd7oFoaBXoaTqtHq56t7k9HVGmuwuksdhcCOmmawCA6rWQrYFffEPep3mXO4tlBCyfKtQqlBypQ6Pz9jbmxx3Li9WgN3bZFebbLHJHmyy-yue30nP3Q7Dn5HfvhRArQCV1rjF_Hf3f2R_AdbmnxY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3112100133</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis</title><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Zhang, Chenyu ; Wang, Haoyu ; Li, Yongze ; Wang, Xichang ; Han, Yutong ; Gao, Xiaotong ; Lai, Yaxin ; Wang, Chuyuan ; Teng, Weiping ; Shan, Zhongyan</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chenyu ; Wang, Haoyu ; Li, Yongze ; Wang, Xichang ; Han, Yutong ; Gao, Xiaotong ; Lai, Yaxin ; Wang, Chuyuan ; Teng, Weiping ; Shan, Zhongyan</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders.
Methods
Eligible TIDE (Thyroid Diseases, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiology) subjects (n = 47,710) were screened with inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thyroid disorder prevalence among different TyG index groups was stratified by sex. Logistic regression evaluated the correlation between the TyG index and thyroid disorders. Multiple linear regression evaluated the association between the TyG index and TSH. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using published genome-wide association study data evaluated causality in the association between the TyG index and TSH.
Results
Men and women with greater TyG indices had a significantly greater prevalence of thyroid disorders than individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index (
p
< 0.05). Following adjustment for confounding factors, we observed that a greater TyG index significantly increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in men and women (men: Q2: odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.22 [1.07–1.38],
p
= 0.002; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.12–1.45],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.12–1.50],
p
= 0.001; women: Q2: OR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.12–1.39],
p
< 0.001; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.31–1.64],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.61 [1.43–1.82],
p
< 0.001). Only among women was the highest TyG index quartile associated with hypothyroidism (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.15–2.50],
p
= 0.007). Additionally, in men, the association exists only in the more than adequate iodine intake population. In women, the relationship between the TyG index and thyroid disorders disappears after menopause. Furthermore, the TyG index exhibited a linear positive correlation with TSH levels. The MR analysis results revealed a causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and increased TSH (inverse-variance weighting (IVW): OR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.02–1.28],
p
= 0.020); however, this causal relationship disappeared after adjusting for BMI in multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis (MVMR-IVW: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87–1.22,
p
= 0.739).
Conclusions
A greater TyG index is associated with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism and varies by sex and menopausal status. MR analysis demonstrated that the causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and elevated TSH levels is confounded or mediated by BMI.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1559-0100</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1355-008X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38782862</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Genome-wide association studies ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Hypothyroidism ; Insulin resistance ; Internal Medicine ; Iodine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Menopause ; Metabolic disorders ; multidisciplinary ; Original Article ; Science ; Thyroid diseases ; Thyroid gland ; Thyroid-stimulating hormone ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Endocrine, 2024, Vol.86 (1), p.173-185</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-6d0796510e61cc06b31b17b4d365d4300894b8cfa3353a9773fb590130f3dfb53</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2849-2380</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38782862$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haoyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yongze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Yutong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Xiaotong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Yaxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chuyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teng, Weiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shan, Zhongyan</creatorcontrib><title>Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis</title><title>Endocrine</title><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><description>Background
Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders.
Methods
Eligible TIDE (Thyroid Diseases, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiology) subjects (n = 47,710) were screened with inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thyroid disorder prevalence among different TyG index groups was stratified by sex. Logistic regression evaluated the correlation between the TyG index and thyroid disorders. Multiple linear regression evaluated the association between the TyG index and TSH. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using published genome-wide association study data evaluated causality in the association between the TyG index and TSH.
Results
Men and women with greater TyG indices had a significantly greater prevalence of thyroid disorders than individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index (
p
< 0.05). Following adjustment for confounding factors, we observed that a greater TyG index significantly increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in men and women (men: Q2: odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.22 [1.07–1.38],
p
= 0.002; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.12–1.45],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.12–1.50],
p
= 0.001; women: Q2: OR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.12–1.39],
p
< 0.001; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.31–1.64],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.61 [1.43–1.82],
p
< 0.001). Only among women was the highest TyG index quartile associated with hypothyroidism (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.15–2.50],
p
= 0.007). Additionally, in men, the association exists only in the more than adequate iodine intake population. In women, the relationship between the TyG index and thyroid disorders disappears after menopause. Furthermore, the TyG index exhibited a linear positive correlation with TSH levels. The MR analysis results revealed a causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and increased TSH (inverse-variance weighting (IVW): OR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.02–1.28],
p
= 0.020); however, this causal relationship disappeared after adjusting for BMI in multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis (MVMR-IVW: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87–1.22,
p
= 0.739).
Conclusions
A greater TyG index is associated with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism and varies by sex and menopausal status. MR analysis demonstrated that the causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and elevated TSH levels is confounded or mediated by BMI.</description><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Genome-wide association studies</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Thyroid diseases</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1559-0100</issn><issn>1355-008X</issn><issn>1559-0100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc9u1DAQxiNERUvhBTggS1y4mI7ttZNwqyr-Sa24wNly7MniKhsXT1IIL8Br490UqDhwmhnNb74Z-6uqZwJeCYD6jIQECRzkhoNqdMP1g-pEaN1yKP2H9_Lj6jHRNYCU0tSPqmPV1I1sjDypfp4TJR_dFNPIOpy-IY5s-oJsynE7LB5zDMi3w-wTIYtjwO_MjaEgS04xsBAp5YCZXjPHfE5EnNDv1dzAaM63uBz4KyyjQ3Qjy6VMu_hjXekKt1CkJ9VR7wbCp3fxtPr89s2ni_f88uO7Dxfnl9wraSZuAtSt0QLQCO_BdEp0ou42QRkdNgqgaTdd43unlFaurWvVd7oFoaBXoaTqtHq56t7k9HVGmuwuksdhcCOmmawCA6rWQrYFffEPep3mXO4tlBCyfKtQqlBypQ6Pz9jbmxx3Li9WgN3bZFebbLHJHmyy-yue30nP3Q7Dn5HfvhRArQCV1rjF_Hf3f2R_AdbmnxY</recordid><startdate>2024</startdate><enddate>2024</enddate><creator>Zhang, Chenyu</creator><creator>Wang, Haoyu</creator><creator>Li, Yongze</creator><creator>Wang, Xichang</creator><creator>Han, Yutong</creator><creator>Gao, Xiaotong</creator><creator>Lai, Yaxin</creator><creator>Wang, Chuyuan</creator><creator>Teng, Weiping</creator><creator>Shan, Zhongyan</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-2380</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2024</creationdate><title>Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis</title><author>Zhang, Chenyu ; Wang, Haoyu ; Li, Yongze ; Wang, Xichang ; Han, Yutong ; Gao, Xiaotong ; Lai, Yaxin ; Wang, Chuyuan ; Teng, Weiping ; Shan, Zhongyan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c326t-6d0796510e61cc06b31b17b4d365d4300894b8cfa3353a9773fb590130f3dfb53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Genome-wide association studies</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Iodine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Menopause</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Thyroid diseases</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Thyroid-stimulating hormone</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Chenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haoyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yongze</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Yutong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Xiaotong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Yaxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Chuyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teng, Weiping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shan, Zhongyan</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Endocrine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Chenyu</au><au>Wang, Haoyu</au><au>Li, Yongze</au><au>Wang, Xichang</au><au>Han, Yutong</au><au>Gao, Xiaotong</au><au>Lai, Yaxin</au><au>Wang, Chuyuan</au><au>Teng, Weiping</au><au>Shan, Zhongyan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis</atitle><jtitle>Endocrine</jtitle><stitle>Endocrine</stitle><addtitle>Endocrine</addtitle><date>2024</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>173</spage><epage>185</epage><pages>173-185</pages><issn>1559-0100</issn><issn>1355-008X</issn><eissn>1559-0100</eissn><abstract>Background
Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders.
Methods
Eligible TIDE (Thyroid Diseases, Iodine Status and Diabetes Epidemiology) subjects (n = 47,710) were screened with inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thyroid disorder prevalence among different TyG index groups was stratified by sex. Logistic regression evaluated the correlation between the TyG index and thyroid disorders. Multiple linear regression evaluated the association between the TyG index and TSH. Additionally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using published genome-wide association study data evaluated causality in the association between the TyG index and TSH.
Results
Men and women with greater TyG indices had a significantly greater prevalence of thyroid disorders than individuals with the lowest quartile (Q1) of TyG index (
p
< 0.05). Following adjustment for confounding factors, we observed that a greater TyG index significantly increased the risk of subclinical hypothyroidism in men and women (men: Q2: odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.22 [1.07–1.38],
p
= 0.002; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.12–1.45],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.29 [1.12–1.50],
p
= 0.001; women: Q2: OR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.12–1.39],
p
< 0.001; Q3: OR [95% CI] = 1.47 [1.31–1.64],
p
< 0.001; Q4: OR [95% CI] = 1.61 [1.43–1.82],
p
< 0.001). Only among women was the highest TyG index quartile associated with hypothyroidism (OR [95% CI] = 1.70 [1.15–2.50],
p
= 0.007). Additionally, in men, the association exists only in the more than adequate iodine intake population. In women, the relationship between the TyG index and thyroid disorders disappears after menopause. Furthermore, the TyG index exhibited a linear positive correlation with TSH levels. The MR analysis results revealed a causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and increased TSH (inverse-variance weighting (IVW): OR [95% CI] = 1.14 [1.02–1.28],
p
= 0.020); however, this causal relationship disappeared after adjusting for BMI in multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis (MVMR-IVW: OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.87–1.22,
p
= 0.739).
Conclusions
A greater TyG index is associated with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism and varies by sex and menopausal status. MR analysis demonstrated that the causal relationship between a genetically determined greater TyG index and elevated TSH levels is confounded or mediated by BMI.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>38782862</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12020-024-03858-5</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2849-2380</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Endocrinology Epidemiology Genome-wide association studies Humanities and Social Sciences Hypothyroidism Insulin resistance Internal Medicine Iodine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Menopause Metabolic disorders multidisciplinary Original Article Science Thyroid diseases Thyroid gland Thyroid-stimulating hormone Womens health |
| title | Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis |
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