An NMR Toolkit to Probe Amyloid Oligomer Inhibition in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Ligand Screening to Dissecting Binding Topology and Mechanisms of Action

The aggregation of amyloid peptides and proteins into toxic oligomers is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Machado‐Joseph's disease, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Inhibition of amyloid oligomers formation and interactions with biological counterparts, as well as the triggering of non‐toxic amorphous aggregates, are strategies towards preventive interventions against these pathologies. NMR spectroscopy addresses the need for structural characterization of amyloid proteins and their aggregates, their binding to inhibitors, and rapid screening of compound libraries for ligand identification. Here we briefly discuss the solution experiments constituting the NMR spectroscopist‘s toolkit and provide examples of their application. NMR‐based molecular recognition studies allow to “fish” ligands of amyloid aggregates and characterize the structural determinant of the binding, shedding light on amyloid inhibitors mechanism of action. Here we briefly discuss the solution experiments constituting the NMR spectroscopist‘s toolkit and provide examples of their application.