Periodontitis: A Plausible Modifiable Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Comprehensive Review
The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent literature on associations between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases, explore the bidirectionality and provide insights into the plausible pathogenesis. For this purpose, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, Medline...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2024-04, Vol.25 (8), p.4504 |
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| description | The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent literature on associations between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases, explore the bidirectionality and provide insights into the plausible pathogenesis. For this purpose, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were considered. Out of 33 retrieved papers, 6 articles complying with the inclusion criteria were selected and discussed. Additional relevant papers for bidirectionality and pathogenesis were included. Results show an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, with odds ratios of 3 to 5. A bidirectional relationship is suspected. For Parkinson's disease (PD), current evidence for an association appears to be weak, although poor oral health and PD seem to be correlated. A huge knowledge gap was identified. The plausible mechanistic link for the association between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases is the interplay between periodontal inflammation and neuroinflammation. Three pathways are hypothesized in the literature, i.e., humoral, neuronal and cellular, with a clear role of periodontal pathogens, such as
. Age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, stress, medical comorbidities and genetics were identified as common risk factors for periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Future research with main emphasis on the collaboration between neurologists and dentists is encouraged. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms25084504 |
| format | Article |
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. Age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, stress, medical comorbidities and genetics were identified as common risk factors for periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Future research with main emphasis on the collaboration between neurologists and dentists is encouraged.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084504</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38674088</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology ; Alzheimer Disease - etiology ; Alzheimer's disease ; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Comorbidity ; Cytokines ; Dementia ; Development and progression ; Gum disease ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory diseases ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Nervous system diseases ; Neurodegenerative Diseases - epidemiology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology ; Parkinson Disease - epidemiology ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogens ; Periodontitis ; Periodontitis - complications ; Periodontitis - epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Systemic diseases</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2024-04, Vol.25 (8), p.4504</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-6e18be05aff92330837ea4c3bb70349dd6fe4442bdb69a4d91f008446bb09f3e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-6e18be05aff92330837ea4c3bb70349dd6fe4442bdb69a4d91f008446bb09f3e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1739-8065 ; 0000-0002-8676-2334</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38674088$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Plachokova, Adelina S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gjaltema, Jolijn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagens, Eliza R C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashemi, Zahra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knüppe, Tim B A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kootstra, Thomas J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Visser, Anita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloem, Bastiaan R</creatorcontrib><title>Periodontitis: A Plausible Modifiable Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Comprehensive Review</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize recent literature on associations between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases, explore the bidirectionality and provide insights into the plausible pathogenesis. For this purpose, systematic reviews and meta-analyses from PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were considered. Out of 33 retrieved papers, 6 articles complying with the inclusion criteria were selected and discussed. Additional relevant papers for bidirectionality and pathogenesis were included. Results show an association between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, with odds ratios of 3 to 5. A bidirectional relationship is suspected. For Parkinson's disease (PD), current evidence for an association appears to be weak, although poor oral health and PD seem to be correlated. A huge knowledge gap was identified. The plausible mechanistic link for the association between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases is the interplay between periodontal inflammation and neuroinflammation. Three pathways are hypothesized in the literature, i.e., humoral, neuronal and cellular, with a clear role of periodontal pathogens, such as
. Age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, stress, medical comorbidities and genetics were identified as common risk factors for periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases. 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For Parkinson's disease (PD), current evidence for an association appears to be weak, although poor oral health and PD seem to be correlated. A huge knowledge gap was identified. The plausible mechanistic link for the association between periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases is the interplay between periodontal inflammation and neuroinflammation. Three pathways are hypothesized in the literature, i.e., humoral, neuronal and cellular, with a clear role of periodontal pathogens, such as
. Age, gender, race, smoking, alcohol intake, nutrition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, stress, medical comorbidities and genetics were identified as common risk factors for periodontitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Future research with main emphasis on the collaboration between neurologists and dentists is encouraged.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>38674088</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms25084504</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-8065</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-2334</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology Alzheimer Disease - etiology Alzheimer's disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Comorbidity Cytokines Dementia Development and progression Gum disease Humans Hypotheses Inflammation Inflammatory diseases Medical research Medicine, Experimental Nervous system diseases Neurodegenerative Diseases - epidemiology Neurodegenerative Diseases - etiology Parkinson Disease - epidemiology Pathogenesis Pathogens Periodontitis Periodontitis - complications Periodontitis - epidemiology Risk Factors Systemic diseases |
| title | Periodontitis: A Plausible Modifiable Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Comprehensive Review |
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